No. 537] ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE EAST INDIES 549 



only a few species of mice and two of pigs (Sus niger and 

 S. papuensis) have been discovered. Both of these last 

 mentioned forms may perhaps have arisen from tame 

 individuals which ran wild. Upon the Moluccas the only 

 Indian mammals that occur are bats and mice, a single 

 species of deer, perhaps also introduced; a few shrews, 

 Viverrida) (Viverra tangalunga and Paradoxurus her- 

 maphroditus), and wild pigs. Among the swine the well- 

 known Babirnsa is especially noteworthy, which is found 

 only upon Celebes and Bum. The Moluccas (Batjan) 

 have a single ape (Cynopilhecus niger) in common with 

 Celebes. But even here again it has frequently been sug- 

 gested that this form was probably also introduced. In 

 comparison with the richness in mammals of the Greater 

 Sunda Islands, Celebes falls in with the Moluccas as show- 

 ing their paucity. 



The eastern half of the archipelago, in accordance with 

 its character as a transition region, is not alone habited 

 by immigrants which have come in from the west, but has 

 received its fauna in part from Australia. If we take the 

 three classes of animals which we have mentioned before, 

 we then find here also a strong element which has spread 

 itself even further from its origin, in this case Australia. 

 Upon New Guinea the Melanota>niida i among the fishes, 

 the Hylida 1 among the amphibians, and the marsupials and 

 Mount remes among the mammals are well represented. 

 These fishes have not dispersed themselves very far (the 

 MelanotseniidHi not being known to have reached beyond 

 the Aru Islands). The amphibians themselves are also 

 almost as narrowly confined to the nearby islands, and 

 have not even got as far westward as Celebes. The mar- 

 supials have got as far as Celebes and Timor. Although 

 fifty-one species have been made known from Xew Guinea 

 itself, so that only a small portion of these have gone 

 farther westward; of these two have got to Celebes, both 

 of the species belonging to the genus Phalangcr. The 

 fauna of Xew Guinea has. when one considers the Indian 

 elements in it, about as much derived from the fauna of 



