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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XLV 



calves. There are a great many instances of red cows bred to white 



instances roans. In some herds in the United States where the breeders 

 have used nothing but red for thirty or forty years it is very rare that 

 they have any calves excepting reds; but even among these occasionally 

 a calf is dropped that is either a roan or a red with some white marks 

 —this is the influence of the blood of ancestors many generations back. 



Mr. Spangler, of Sullivan County, Mo., reports the 

 following to the Breeders' Gazette of February 17, 1909: 



My bull is white, but his sire and dam are both roan. The results are 

 as follows: Since September first there have been fifty-five calves 

 dropped to his service, of these forty-one are roan, nine red, four red- 

 and-white, and one white. Twenty-six are bulls and twenty-nine heif- 

 ers. The cow that dropped the white calf is herself a roan . . . the 

 rest of the cows are red. 



Robert Bruce, of County Dublin, Ireland, tabulated the 

 color matings and color progeny of Shorthorns bred by 

 Amos Cruickshank 1 at Sittyton. This he reports to the 

 Breeders' Gazette of November 25, 1908, as follows: 



Professor E. N. Wentworth, of Ames, la., supplies the 

 following tabulation from random pedigrees: 



'Amos Cruickshank, of Sittyton (1808-1895), the most distinguished 



