196 HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 



(16) 'Monograph of the Carboniferous Bivalve Entomos- 



traca of Britain' ( Palseontographical Society). Rupert 

 Jones, Kirkby, and George S. Brady. 



(17) ' Monograph of the Carboniferous Foraminifera of 



Britain' (Palseontographical Society). H. B. Brady. 



(18) "On the Carboniferous Fossils of the West of Scotland" 

 ' Trans. Geol. Soc., ' of Glasgow, vol. iii., Supplement. 

 Young and Armstrong. 



(19) ' Poissons Fossiles. ' Agassiz. 



(20) " Report on the Labyrinthodonts of the Coal-meas- 



ures " ' British Association Report, ' 1873. L. C. Miall. 



(21) 'Introduction to the Study of Palaeontological Botany.' 



John Hutton Balfour. 



(22) ' Traite de Paleontologie Vegetale. ' Schimper. 



(23) ' Fossil Flora. ' Lindley and Hutton. 



(24) ' Histoire des Vegetaux Fossiles. ' Brongniart. 



(25) 'On Calamites and Calamodendron ' (Monographs of 



the Palaeontographical Society). Binney. 



(26) ' On the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carbonif- 



erous Strata ' (Palseontographical Society). Binney. 

 Also numerous memoirs by Huxley, Davidson, Martin Duncan, 

 Professor Young, John Young, R. Etheridge, jun. ; Baily, Car- 

 ruthers, Dawson, Binney, Williamson, Hooker, Jukes, Geikie, 

 Rupert Jones, Salter, and many other British and Foreign 

 observers. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE PERMIAN PERIOD. 



The Permian formation closes the long series of the Palaeo- 

 zoic deposits, and may in some respects be considered as a 

 kind of appendix to the Carboniferous system, to which it can- 

 not be compared in importance, either as regards the actual 

 bulk of its sediments or the interest and variety of its life- 

 record. Consisting, as it does, largely of red rocks sand- 

 stones and marls for the most part singularly destitute of 

 organic remains, the Permian rocks have been regarded as a 

 lacustrine or fluviatile deposit; but the presence of well-devel- 

 oped limestones with indubitable marine remains entirely 

 negatives this view. It is, however, not improbable that we 

 are presented in the Permian formation, as known to us at 

 present, with a series of sediments laid down in inland seas of 

 great extent, due to the subsidence over large areas of the 

 vast land-surfaces of the Coal-measures. This view, at any 

 rate, would explain some of the more puzzling physical char- 

 acters of the formation, and would not be definitely negatived 

 by any of its fossils. 



A large portion of the Permian series, as already remarked, 



