72 



Dr. G. Gore. 



as if two distinct layers of liquid (the upper one probably basic and 

 the lower one acid) were accumulated by electric action. 



Exp. 41. — Outer liquid, 1 volume of sulphuric acid and 7 volumes 

 of water, sp. gr. of mixture 1*16 ; inner one 5 volumes of a saturated 

 solution oxalic acid, and 3 volumes of water, sp. gr. of mixture 1'02. 

 Conduction feeble. Current sent up the meniscus tube. The 

 meniscus descended quickly, i.e., in a direction opposite to that of the 

 current. No line (in addition to that of the meniscus) was formed. 

 On stopping the current, the meniscus ascended and, on renewing it, 

 descended again. Reversed direction of current. No line produced. 

 Very little effect, the meniscus descended a little. 



Exp. 42. — Inner liquid, 1 volume of a saturated solution of amnionic 

 sulphate, and 3 volumes of water (sp. gr. of mixture 1*08). Outer one, 

 a strong solution of potassic chloride (sp. gr. 1"13). Current was 

 sent up the meniscus tube. Conduction moderate. The meniscus 

 descended rapidly. A line developed in the colourless portion,, 

 near meniscus. Under the influence of the current the coloured 

 liquid crept down the sides of the meniscus tube ; a colourless portion 

 of liquid of low density also formed at the under surface of meniscus 

 and streamed downwards ; on stopping the current these effects ceased, 

 and the meniscus rose. By sending the current now down the tube, 

 a very definite and deeply curved line, with its convexity downwards, 

 was produced. The meniscus soon became flat and descended. 

 Similar streaming of liquid upwards from upper surface of meniscus< 

 now took place to that which had occurred downwards ; and the 

 layer of liquid immediately upon meniscus, which was previously pink,, 

 now became blue, showing that the meniscus acted to some extent like 

 an electrode, in causing the liberation of ions at its surface. Stopped 

 the current ; the meniscus became indefinite. Renewed it ; the 

 meniscus became definite. Reversed it (i.e., sent it up the tube) ; the 

 colourless liquid rose in the tube, and the meniscus was very definite. 



Exp. 43. — Inner liquid, 1 volume of a saturated solution of sodic 

 hydrate and 3 volumes of water (sp. gr. 1*07) . Outer one, a satu- 

 rated solution of sodic carbonate (sp. gr. I'll). Current sent up 

 meniscus tube. Conduction very moderate. The meniscus descended 

 at once, and a line was produced, with its convexity upwards, in 

 colourless portion close to the colour. Similar wavy appearances just 

 below the meniscus, and falling of colourless stream as in Experiment 

 No. 42. On stopping the current the meniscus rose and became in- 

 definite and the other line faded away. A definite meniscus was now 

 made by raising and lowering the large tube ; and the current was 

 then reversed, i.e., sent down the tube. A line was soon produced 

 with its convexity downwards, in the deep blue liquid; and another 

 in the colourless portion, about 1*75 millim. below meniscus. There 

 was now no wavy appearance or streaming down in the colourless- 



