224 Dr. C. A. MacMunn. Researches into the [Dec. 16, 



shall again refer. Every possible precaution was taken to exclude the 

 presence of blood. When treated as in former cases, the chloroformic 

 solution was golden-yellow, and gave sp. 3, Chart III. When the 

 chloroform was evaporated, it left a yellow-brown amorphous residue, 

 which was partially soluble in alcohol, forming an orange solution. 

 This gave in a thin stratum sp. 4, Chart III. When this fluid was 

 treated with caustic soda it became light yellow-green, and then gave 

 sp. 5 in a thin layer.* 



Chloride of zinc made the alcoholic solution orange-red, giving in 

 deep layer sp. 6, and in shallow sp. 7. When this fluid, already 

 treated by zinc chloride, was treated with hydrochloric acid, sp. 8, 

 Chart III, was seen, the colour being light red. 



Ammonia acted in the same manner as caustic soda, except that 

 the band at F could no longer be seen. 



Urobilin was, therefore, present in this case. 



Urobilin in Sheep-bile. — Its presence can here be demonstrated in 

 the same manner, but as all the spectra are almost identical with those 

 of ox-bile, I will not describe them. 



The band at F is affected in all these solutions of human, pig, ox, 

 and sheep bile in exactly the same manner by reagents as in the case 

 of febrile urobilin, but, by the action of ammonia and caustic soda, 

 certain bands in red and orange appear, which, although they are 

 present in urobilin prepared by sodium amalgam from bilirubin, are 

 not always seen in the pigment got from urine. Again, it would 

 appear from numerous observations that, while the biliary pigment is 

 oxidised with comparative ease into choletelin, the urinary pigment 

 requires much stronger oxidising agents to bring about that result. 



On the Artificial Production of a Pigment exactly similar to TJro- 

 hcematin (excreted in the Urine of Pheumatismi) from Acid Hozmatin. — 

 Hoppe-Seyler,f to whom physiological chemists owe so much, was 

 the first who tried the action of tin and hydrochloric acid on haematin. 

 He got a pigment which showed such striking resemblance to Maly's 

 hydrobilirubin that he came to the conclusion that the artificially 

 prepared pigment was the same as Maly's pigment, but he noticed 

 that the pigment prepared from haematin gave a band before D and 

 one between D and E, as well as a. at F. By the action of zinc and 

 sulphuric acid on acid haematin or haematoin, as it has been named by 

 Professor Preyer, I have succeeded in obtaining a pigment which, 

 when dissolved in various solvents, is found to be exactly similar to 

 the pigment which I isolated from the urine of a case of rheumatism, 

 and which I have taken the liberty of calling uroheematin. It shows 



* Cf. Chart II, sp. 3, 14, and 16, &c. 



f " Handbuch der Physiologischen- und Pathologischen- Chemischen Analyse," 

 4th ed., p. 214, et seq., and " Spectroscope in Medicine," p. 116. 



