1880.] 



Experiments on Electric Osmose. 



255 



No. 



53 

 54 

 55 

 56 

 57 

 58 

 59 

 60 

 61 

 62 

 63 



64 

 65 

 f66 



f67 

 |68 



Substance. 



Sulphocyanide of ammonium. 



Tungstate of potassium 



Phosphorous acid 



Arseniate of sodium 



Potassic fluoride (pure) 



Liquor arsenicalis 



Hypophosphorus acid 



Sulphocyanide of potassium . 

 Per ridcyanide of potassium. . . 



Sodic hydrate 



Potassic cyanide 



Sodic carbonate . . , 

 Potassic carbonate 

 Sodic hydrate 



Hypophosphite of sodium 

 Baric bromide 



Strength of Solution. 



Strong solution . . 

 Saturated solution 

 Strong solution. . . . 



British Pharmacopoeia strength 



Saturated solution 



Strong solution 



Moderately strong solution . . . 



Strong aqueous solution 



Saturated solution 



1 oz. absolute 



200 grs. m 



alcohol l • 



Strong alcoholic solution 



Nearly saturated alcoholic solu 



tion 



Direction 

 of flow 

 of liquid 



No per- 

 ceptible 

 flow. 



In all the foregoing experiments (sixty-eight in number), in which 

 an electric current passed from one portion of liquid through a clay 

 diaphragm to another portion, osmose occurred, except in No. 63. 



In these experiments, fifty-five substances, different in kind, were 

 employed, including about twenty- seven neutral salts of the most 

 varied composition, about ten alkaline ones, twelve acids, two alkalies, 

 and one acid salt; twelve of the substances of different degrees of 

 dilution were also examined. 



As with solutions of potassic cyanide, yellow potassic chromate, acid 

 chromate of potassium, or sodic carbonate (liquids which show an 

 apparent opposite movement in the research referred to), the osmose 

 was in the same direction as the electric current, and showed no sign 

 of reversal of movement, I conclude that the apparent movement of 

 the lower liquid in that research is probably of a different character 

 from " electric osmose." 



From these experiments, it also appears that the direction of electric 

 osmose is in nearly all cases the same as that of the current ; that 

 rapid electric osmose is not confined to dilute solutions ; and that in 

 some cases too concentrated a solution prevented the effect (compare 

 Nos. 17-20, 54, also 4, 5, and 63). 



From the circumstance that the direction of osmose was the same in 



* In consequence of the large quantity of orange-red solid matter liberated, the 

 direction of the osmose could not be determined. 



+ In these three experiments a current from a single series of 25 Grove's cells 

 was employed. 



T 2 



