198 Messrs. Thorpe and Young on the Combined Action 



was unchanged, the greater portion of the liquid distilling at 147-148°. 

 This liquid is nonane, as the following analysis shows : — • 



0-1970 grm. hydride gave 0*6080 grm. carbon dioxide and 0*2820 

 grm. water. 



Calculated. Found. 



9 84-3 7 84-16 



II., 15-63 15-92 



100-00 100-08 



A determination of its vapour-donsity afforded the following data : — 



Balloon, with air 13-8050 grms. 



Temperature of air 13*7° C. 



Balloon with vapour - 14-0525 grms. 



Temperature on sealing 209° 



Besidual air 



Capacity of balloon '. H6'8 cub. centims. 



Vapour-d en s i ty calculated 



forO 9 H^ (H = l). Found, 



64«0 66>2 



Its specific gravity was 0*7279 at 13°*5, compared with water at the 

 same temperature. 



It should be remarked that no liquM boiling at about 145-148° was 

 discovered by Pelouze and Cahours in American petroleum. The nonyl 

 hydride isolated by these chemists had the boiling-point 136-138°. "We 

 have assured ourselves that there is no liquid boiling at about this tem- 

 perature in the products obtained from solid paraffin. 



The boiling-point of the nonane isolated by us agrees perfectly with 

 that calculated on the assumption that the differences in the boiling-points 

 of the simpler members of the C n H 2n+2 become continually less by 4°, until 

 the well-known difference of 19° is obtained. (Schorlemmer.) 



Calculated boiling-point of C 9 TX 20 146° Bound 147-148° 



Action of chlorine upon nonane. — About 15-20 grms. of the purified 

 hydrocarbon were heated in a small flask fitted to an upright condenser, 

 and a current of well-dried chlorine was sent through the liquid. The 

 apparatus was placed in direct sunlight. The action appeared to com- 

 mence immediately, the liquid darkened slightly in colour, and a large 

 quantity of hydrochloric acid was evolved. The chlorine on passing into 

 the heated liquid appeared to burn, a flash of light appearing at the end 

 of the delivery-tube as each successive bubble of gas passed into the hy- 

 drocarbon. In order to prevent as far as possible the formation of high 

 chlorinated products, the passage of the chlorine was occasionally inter- 

 rupted and the liquid distilled ; the portion boiling below 200° was set 

 aside, and that which came over below this point was submitted to the 



