390 Commander J. L. Wharton on the Currents [June 19, 



The wind was S.W., light, and had been so for two days ; but it was 

 subsequently ascertained that at the south end of the Dardanelles the 

 S/W. wind had been fresh. 



On September 2nd, in the course of experiments made to compare 

 different drags, no undercurrent was found. It was nearly calm, and 

 the observation was confined to one spot only. 



On September 10th, after 24 hours calm, succeeding to seven days 

 strong N.E. winds, the surface-current was almost nil. 



Five boats obtained simultaneeus observations, of which the two on 

 the Asiatic side found the surface moving to S.W., and an undercurrent 

 to the N.E., averaging two tenths of a knot each ; the other boats' drags 

 scarcely moved. The observation was not completed. 



On October 4th four boats obtained observations in a strong N.E. wind 

 that had been blowing for five days previously. 



There was a nasty sea in from the Sea of Marmara, which rendered 

 it difficult for the pulling boats to hold their own, and caused the loss of 

 several drags in hauling in. The results were that, at 20 fathoms and 

 deeper, the drags went to windward ; they were stationary at 15 fathoms, 

 and above the current ran to the S.W. The swiftest rates in both 

 currents were at the extremes, the surface and bottom; the former 

 1| knot, the latter half a knot. 



This concluded the undercurrent observations at Grallipoli. 



September 18th. Four boats took observations off Bourgaz Light. 

 The wind, which had been for three days strong from the N.E., was mo- 

 derate from the same direction at the commencement of the day ; but 

 before the full set of observations could be completed, it freshened to 

 such a degree that the boats were unable to work, and had to bear up for 

 the ship ; the steam cutter even had to desist. 



The result was that at 25 and 20 fathoms all drags went to windward, 

 though slowly, against a surface-current of 2| knots per hour. The 

 densities, as usual, changed rapidly between 10 and 20 fathoms. 



September 24th. After a strong N.E. wind for two days, four boats 

 tried in the narrows between Chanak Kalehsi and Kilid Bahr. The 

 surface-stream was rapid, and the wind, moderate at the commencement, 

 increased up to 11 a.m., when the boats, having recovered their drags 

 with some difficulty, had to give up any further attempt at struggling 

 against the current and sea. 



The results, on the whole, were not satisfactory. With the steam 

 cutter on the European side of the centre using the 6-feet wooden drag, 

 the buoy went to windward at 33, 23, and 16 fathoms at the rate of 

 T 6 ¥ , and respectively, remaining stationary at 10 fathoms. Here also 

 the densities changed rapidly. The surface-current was 2j knots. 



The boat on the Asiatic side of the centre obtained a slight under- 

 current, but was swept away herself 2 or 3 miles to leeward whilst 

 attempting to take temperatures. 



