394 



Prof. W. C. Williamson on the Fossil 



[June 19, 



whole column of mercury is surrounded by the vapour. The high 

 boiling-point is a further proof that this alcohol, as well as oenanthylic 

 acid, is a normal compound. 



We are now acquainted with the complete series of normal alcohols 

 up to octyl alcohol. The following Table shows that the boiling-points 

 in this series increase very regular for each increase of CH 2 . The boil- 

 ing-points which are here given have been determined, either by the 

 whole column of the thermometer being immersed in the vapour, or, if 

 this was not the case, the required corrections were applied : — 



Table of Normal Alcohols. 





Boiling- 



Differ- 







point. 



ence. 



Observer. 



Ethyl alcohol, C 2 H 6 0. 



. 78-4 







Kopp. 



Propyl alcohol, C 3 H 8 0. 



. 97-98 



19 



Different observers. 



Butyl alcohol, C 4 H 10 . 



. 116-0 



18-5 



Lieben and Rossi. 



Pentyl alcohol, C. H ]2 . 



. 137-0 



21 



Lieben and Rossi. 



Hexyl alcohol, C° fl H M 0. 



. 157-0 



20 



Pranchimont and Zincke. 



Heptyl alcohol, C 7 H 16 . 



. 175-177 



19 



H. G. and C. S. 



Octyl alcohol, C 8 H 18 0. 



. 196-197 



20 



Renesse. 





Mean . . . 



. 19-6 





XL " On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal-mea- 

 sures. — Part V. AsteropJiyllites/' By W. C. Williamson, 

 F.R.S., Professor of Natural History in Owens College, Man- 

 chester. Received May 17, 1873. 



(Abstract.) 



On two occasions the author directed attention, in the Proceedings of 

 the Royal Society (vol. xx. pp. 95 & 435), to the structure of some 

 stems which appeared to him to belong to the well-known genus Astero- 

 phyllites, briefly pointing out at the same time their apparent relations to 

 a strobilus of which he had previously published figures and descriptions 

 (Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, 

 third series, vol. v. 1871) under the name of Volkmannia Dawsoni. In 

 the present memoir he gives a detailed exposition of the various parts of 

 the plant, including the roots, rootlets, stems, branches, leaves, and fruit, 

 in different stages of their development. This is done chiefly in two 

 modifications of the primary type — one from the Lower Coal-measures of 

 Oldham in Lancashire, the other from those of Burntisland. In its 

 youngest state, the Oldham form first appears as a mere twig, having a 

 central fibro-vascular bundle enclosed in a double bark. The vascular 

 bundle consists entirely of vessels which are chiefly, if not wholly, of the 



