29 



the slope backwards from muzzle to frontal region there is a 

 large broad surface on which the hair slopes to the muzzle 

 from a well-marked crest situated at about the level of the 

 orbits, and between them. This crest constitutes a parting 

 line from which the hair slopes down to the muzzle, laterally 

 branches off to the regions of the orbits, and backwards to 

 the frontal region. This is found in all the large Felidce, and 

 with this character is associated, whether causally or not, 

 a much broader and thicker snout than is found in any other 

 carnivore except the polar bear, and two forms of panda, a 

 somewhat rare animal. These greater cats, it will be remem- 

 bered, not only have broad and short snouts, but also carry 

 their heads with the axis of the nasal region more approach- 

 ing the vertical, whereas the form with pointed snouts carry 

 their heads with the axis nearly horizontal. On the side of 

 the neck of lions and tigers are found often instances of 

 whorls, the neck being in these great cats very muscular 

 indeed. There are also two lions at the South Kensington 

 Natural History Museum, each with a very marked whorl, 

 from which a feathering proceeds forward and terminates in 

 a crest on each side of the spine in the lumbar region. In 

 the great majority of carnivores there is on the pectoral region 

 a bilateral arrangement of hair composed of a whorl, situated 

 as a rule at the junction of the forelimb on its flexor surface 

 with the chest, and opposite the elbow joint, and this whorl 

 expands over the pectoral region into a more or less oval- 

 shaped feathering of the hair, and sometimes ends in a crest. 

 This is perhaps the most widely distributed of all the whorls, 

 except the nasal, found in hairy mammals, and is remarkably 

 constant in the ungulate order. In the domestic horse it is 

 a striking feature, as all can see for themselves, where whorl 

 feathering and crest are always present. 



We may now leave the carnivores and pass to the most 

 important order of all from one point of view, that of the 

 ungulates, which may be said broadly to be represented by 

 such forms as deer, antelopes, true oxen, giraffes, camels, llamas, 

 pigs, horses, zebras, gazelles, sheep and goals, asses and coneys, 

 omitting certain groups not important from the present point 

 of view. 



If the general configuration and posture of these familiar 

 animals be borne in mind, e.g., a deer, ox, horse, we shall 

 see that the relatively short body and long legs are associated 

 with the general slope of hair referred to on the trunk, in 



