394 Mr. F. Galtou on Blood-relationship. [June 13, 



Table II. — Stars approaching the Sun. 



Star. 



Compared 

 with 



Apparent 

 motion. 



Earth's 

 motion. 



Motion to- 

 wards sun. 



Pollux 



Mg 

 H 

 H 

 Mg 

 Mg 

 Mg 

 Mg 

 H 

 H 

 H 

 H 



50 



40 to 50 



30 



32 



35 to 50 



4- 5 

 + 39 

 + 9 

 + 17 

 + 11 



55 



44 to 54 



39 



49 



46 to 60 



II. < ; On Blood-relationship." By Francis Galton, F.R.S. 

 Received May 7, 1872. 



I propose in this memoir to deduce, by fair reasoning from acknowledged 

 facts, a more definite notion than now exists of the meaning of the word 

 " kinship.'' It is my aim to analyze and describe the complicated con- 

 nexion that binds an individual, hereditarily, to his parents and to his 

 brothers and sisters, and, therefore, by an extension of similar links, to his 

 more distant kinsfolk. I hope by these means to set forth the doctrines 

 of heredity in a more orderly and explicit manner than is otherwise prac- 

 ticable. 



From the well-known circumstance that an individual may transmit to 

 his descendants ancestral qualities which he does not himself possess, we 

 are assured that they could not have been altogether destroyed in him, but 

 must have maintained their existence in a latent form. Therefore each 

 individual may properly be conceived as consisting of two parts, one of 

 which is latent and only known to us by its effects on his posterity, while 

 the other is patent, and constitutes the person manifest to our senses. 



The adjacent and, in a broad sense, separate lines of growth in which 

 the patent and latent elements are situated, diverge from a common group 

 and converge to a common contribution, because they were both evolved 

 out of elements contained in a structureless ovum, and they, jointly, con- 

 tribute the elements which form the structureless ova of their offspring. 



The annexed diagram illustrates my meaning, and serves to show clearly 

 that the span of each of the links in the general chain of heredity extends 

 from one structureless stage to another, and not from person to person : — 



Structureless f .... Adult Father 1 Structureless 



elements in - I elements in 



Father [ Latent in Father J offspring. 



