406 



Dr. E. A. Parkes on the Effect of 



[June 13, 



both the exercise periods a slight excess over the first period, amounting 

 to 1 and "5 grm. respectively. The differences are so slight that they 

 might be disregarded, only the recurrence in the two exercise periods seems 

 to show that the slight excess is not accidental. 



The observations support the facts noted in the papers already communi- 

 cated to the Royal Society, viz. that there is a slight excess of nitrogen in 

 a mixed exercise and rest period over a period of entire rest, owing, it 

 would appear from the former experiments in the rest period, to a slight 

 increase in elimination after exercise. 



The brandy had no effect on the elimination of nitrogen, for the mean 

 of the two periods of exercise only differs by 0*5 grm., and the results are 

 practically identical. And as a further proof that the brandy had no effect 

 in either direction, it may be noticed that both the highest and lowest daily 

 excretion occurred in the brandy period. 



With regard to the alvine nitrogen, the elimination was increased during 

 the exercise periods, the mean of the whole sixteen days being 3" 9 76" grms. ; 

 it was 4'9S1 grms. and 4'3"2 grms. in the two exercise periods. This 

 depended on the effect of the particular kind of exercise (digging) on the 

 action of the abdominal muscles and on the bowels, as will be seen from 

 the next Table, if the following point is taken into account. In the 

 first period there was a loose alvine discharge during four or five days, 

 arising apparently from the use of the oatmeal in a man who had lately 

 been accustomed to other food. Under the microscope the envelopes of 

 the oat and of barley or wheat which had been mixed with it were seen in 

 quantities in the faeces ; therefore in this period the large amount of solids 

 and the smaller amount of nitrogen were given by considerable portions of 

 undigested oatmeal passing out ; in later periods the proper excreta of the 

 intestines were probably in larger amount. 



Mean daily Alvine Excreta, in grammes. 





First 

 period. 

 Eest. 



Second 

 period. 

 Exercise on 

 water. 



Third 

 period. 

 Eest. 



Fourth 

 period. 

 Exercise on 

 brandy. 



Fifth 

 period. 

 Eest. 



Daily weight of the excreta 

 Percentage of solids in do. 



„ water in do. 

 Daily weight of solids of 1 



Daily amount of alvine 1 



364 

 21-08 

 7892 



76-73 

 287-27 



3/1 

 209 

 791 



77*54 

 293-46* 



301 

 21-5 

 78-5 



64-7 



2363 



519 

 22-1 

 77-9 



110-5 

 403-5 



306 

 oo-o 



77-8 

 679 



238-1 



* Adopting 294 cub. centhns. of water as the daily alvine discharge, there passed daily 

 by the bowels 10 - 35 fluid ounces, and by the urine 71 fluid ounces of water from this man, 

 or 1 to 7 nearly. The amount is much more than in meat-eaters. As he took about 

 130 fluid ounces of water daily, about 49 fluid ounces must have passed off by the skiu 

 and lungs. 



