1872.] Action of Heat and Pressure vpon the Paraffins. 489 



The apparatus employed is fully described in the original memoir. 3£ 

 kilograms of paraffin yielded about 4 litres of liquid made up of hydro- 

 carbons boiling 



litres. 



Below 100° 0-3 



From 100-200° 1*0 



From 200-300 27 



^0 



A considerable quantity of substance which could not be distilled within 

 the range of the mercurial thermometer remained in the retort, and soli- 

 dified on cooling. By repeated recrystallization from ether, this substance 

 was obtained of a constant melting-point (41 D, 5). Its composition was :— 



Carbon 85' 19 



Hydrogen 15*34 



100-53 



The action of bromine upon this body showed that it was a member 

 of the C M H 2n +2 series. Heated in a sealed tube in the manner above de- 

 scribed, it was readily split up into liquid hydrocarbons, which were shown 

 to be mixtures of hydrides and defines. 



The four litres of liquid were submitted to a systematic fractional distil- 

 lation over sodium ; the greater portion of the operation was effected in an 

 apparatus after Warren's design. The following fractions were thus isolated 

 (boiling-points uncorrected) : — 



(1) at 35- 37 



(2) 65- 70 



(3) 94- 97 



(4) 122-125 



(5) 145-148 



(6) 170-172 



(7) at 193-195 



(8) 212-215 



(9) 230-235 



(10) 252-255 



(11) 273-276 



(12) 290-295 



By means of bromine all these fractions were shown to be mixtures of hy- 

 drides and olefines ; and an attempt was made in each to determine, by means 

 of this reagent, the relative quantities of the two series of hydrocarbons. The 

 method by which this was accomplished is detailed in the original memoir. 

 It was shown that in the lower fractions (up to 200°) the amount of hydride 

 was sensibly equal to that of the olefine. Thus the fraction boiling at 65-70° 

 was shown to be a mixture of hexane and hexylene in equal proportions ; 

 the fraction at 94-97° was also made up of heptane and heptylene in equi- 

 valent amounts. In the higher fractions, however, there is a decided 

 increase in the amount of the hydride present. 



After treatment with bromine the hydrides could be isolated in the pure 

 state. The authors obtained : — 



