THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. 23 



geometrical designs, which are not shown in the illustration. 

 The scales ni these flutes are given below: 



i^m 



No. 11, also of terra cotta, is broken and the scale cannot be 

 ascertained. These instruments are sounded by the breath 

 impinging on the sharp edge of the outer lip of the shell. 



Whistles of the resonator class have a wide distribution and \ 

 have been found in different sections of Peru. They are usually 

 made of terra cotta, but sometimes of other materials. 

 The kind most commonly met with emit but one or 

 two tones and generally go by the name of "signal 

 whistles " or "bird-calls." The resonator type reached its highest 1 

 form of development in Chiriqui and parts of Central America, 

 where they commonly took the human form or that of some 

 well-known animal or bird, and in most cases the grotesque 

 element predominated in the representation. The openings 

 (vents) to the air chamber in the body of these instruments vary 

 in number, but seldom exceed four. On PlateJX, figure J3 shows 

 an instrument of this class. This specimen is one and three- 

 eighths inches high, and measures two and three-quarters inches 

 from the nose to the tip of the tail. Its two vents are on the 

 same side, yielding the following scale: 



No. 15, on the same plate, is of wood and has one vent. Its 

 tones are: 



No. 6, on Plate III, and Nos. 8, 10, and 14 on Plate IV, are 

 without vents and have but one note each. 



