438 



University of California Publications. 



[Geology 



occurred a little before seven o'clock in the evening of June 16 

 and was so severe that all the villages in the neighborhood were 

 destroyed, and a mosque at Ahmedabad, about 250 miles to the 

 east, which was erected nearly four hundred years earlier, fell to 

 the ground ; the vibrations of the earthquake were felt in north- 

 west India, to a distance of eight hundred miles. 



In the midst of the Rami and near the old bed of the Poor ami, 

 stood the Sindree fort, where customs were levied on commerce. 

 At the time of the earthquake the land in the neighborhood of 

 this fort sank a distance of about ten feet. Water apparently 

 burst up from the ground and rolled in from the sea by the 

 channel of the Koree ; an immense lake was formed, of unknown 

 extent east and west but about six miles from north to south, 

 which was a few feet deep and covered all but the highest parts of 

 the region. Two or three miles to the north of Sindree appeared 

 a scarp, ten or twenty feet high, running in an easterly and 

 westerly direction for an unknown distance, but apparently about 

 fifty miles, which was called by the natives "The Allah-Bund," 

 or "Mound of God." Mr. A. B. Wynne, in the Memoirs of the 

 Geological Survey of India, has described the geology of the 

 region, and collected the available information regarding the 

 earthquake. He concluded that the land south of the Bund had 

 sunk, but that the Bund itself did not represent an elevation, 

 as was generally supposed at the time of the earthquake, but 

 was merely the scarp left by the depression of the land to the 

 soiith. This depression did not extend indefinitely, but from the 

 depth of the water which accumulated there it is evident that 

 the greatest depression occurred near the Bund and diminished 

 toward the south. Indeed, there are some reports of a slight 

 elevation about eighteen miles south of the Bund, though they 

 are probably not very reliable. No account is given of any 

 change on the seacoast, forty or fifty miles to the southwest, 

 except the apparent deepening of the channel of the Koree, which 

 may be due to scour. A tidal wave would undoubtedly have 

 followed a sudden depression of the coast, but none was men- 

 tioned. The water which appeared over the plain was supposed, 

 by some, to have come from the sea through the Koree ; but this 

 does not require a tidal wave, for the level of the new lake was 



