36 



University of California Publications. [Geology 



Carnivora Vera and to fill such an important place in eastern 

 Arctogaea that they are separated as a distinct family. What- 

 ever the ancestors of the hyaenas may have been, they were 

 probably not true canids. A somewhat similar adaptation has 

 occurred in the Canidae. So similar have the results been in the 

 two cases, as far as function and superficial characters are con- 

 cerned, that several canids from the American faunas have found 

 temporary location with the hyaena group in the classification. 



It appears more than probable that the development of hyae- 

 noid characters in the Canidae has gone forward to a great extent 

 independently in North America and Europe, and has, moreover, 

 produced quite different results in the two regions. It is not 

 improbable that there has been mixing of the resultant types 

 through migrations, though we have as yet little evidence of such 

 intermigration. Unless we can discover more definite evidence 

 of common descent of the American and European genera than 

 has yet been brought forward, it must appear that the sub-family 

 Simocyoninae as generally accepted, including Simocyon, Cepha- 

 logale, Oligobunis, Enliyclrocyon, and Hyaenocyon, is a group 

 of polyphyletic origin, representing a general type of adaptation 

 rather than similar characters expressive of common origin. At 

 the present time we are not even in a position to state definitely 

 that all of the genera mentioned are really typical canids. The 

 continuance of their definite arrangement in one sub-family will 

 serve only to cover up certain weak places in our phylogenies, and 

 ultimately to impede the progress of knowledge. 



MEASUKEMENTS. 



mm. 



Length, anterior side of inferior canine to posterior side of M, 63 



Length, posterior side of inferior canine to posterior side of P 4 35.5 



Height of mandible below middle of P s 21.5 



Height of mandible below protoconid of M t 19.5 



[, (?), transverse diameter 2.8 



I„ transverse diameter 4 



Inferior canine, length from unworn tip to alveolar border 21.5 



Inferior canine, greatest antero-posterior diameter at base 10.5 



P., antero-posterior diameter 8.3 



Po, transverse diameter 5.2 



P 3 , antero-posterior diameter 10.5 



P 4 , antero-posterior diameter 11.6 



