102 



Dr. Klein on the 



[Feb. 14, 



whereas in pneumo-enteritis it is only occasionally changed. And, like- 

 wise, the blood presents entirely different characters in the two 

 diseases ; in pneumo- enteritis it is not different in any marked degree 

 from normal blood, whereas in splenic fever it is of dark colour— laky, 

 and does not coagulate at all, or only imperfectly so. Besides, the 

 blood in splenic fever contains the now famous Bacillus anthracis, and 

 hence its conspicuous infectious property, whereas in pneumo-enteritis 

 the fresh blood does not, as a rule, contain any foreign matter, and in 

 most instances does not possess any infectious property. 



Another disease with which pneumo-enteritis bears a great resem- 

 blance on account of certain anatomical characters, viz., inflammation 

 of serous membranes, lung, intestine, and lymphatic glands, haemor- 

 rhage in lung, serous membranes, endocardium muscle of heart, in- 

 testinal mucous membrane, and other organs — is specific septicaemia.* 



The resemblance, however, is not greater than to splenic fever, 

 although the differences are not less well marked. Besides others, 

 there is this great distinction, that in pneumo-enteritis the contagion 

 spreads by simple cohabitation, and through the air, which it never 

 does in septicaemia, as in this the virus always requires a broken surface 

 through which to enter a healthy individual. 



Pneumo-enteritis is occasionally described as malignant erysipelas 

 (mal rouge, red soldier), but this is in so far inadmissible, as the affec- 

 tion of the skin in the former is a very inconstant symptom, and in 

 milder forms of the disease is invariably absent. More recently the 

 pneumo-enteritis has been regarded as typhoid fever of the pig. From 

 a purely anatomical point of view, the resemblance between real, i.e., 

 human, typhoid fever and pneumo-enteritis is very slight indeed, so 

 slight, in fact, that to mention it requires a total oversight of some 

 of the most prominent symptoms, e.g., inflammation of lung and serous 

 membranes, enlargement of inguinal, lumbar, and bronchial lymphatic 

 glands, haemorrhages in the endocardium and muscle of the heart in 

 pneumo-enteritis on the one hand, swelling and ulceration of the lym- 

 phatic glands of the small intestine, swelling and inflammation of 

 spleen in real typhoid fever on the other hand. The resemblance 

 seems to be limited solely to the fact that in both diseases ulceration 

 occurs in the intestine. But the distribution, the nature, and the 

 development of these ulcerations is totally different in the two diseases. 



Having said thus much as a prefatory explanation, I proceed to state 

 the results of the experiments.f 



* Specific septicaemia as distinct from septic infection. See Dr. Burdon-Saunder- 

 son's lectures at the University of London, 1877. 



f In all my experiments of inoculation the materies morbi was used in minimal 

 doses, i.e., a drop of fluid matter, or in the case of solids a particle of less than the 

 size of a pin's head. In both cases the materies morbi was diluted or suspended 

 respectively in a few minims of boiled saline solution of f per cent, in order to in- 



