168 



Dr. J. 8. Lombard on 



[Mar. 7. 



of the higher intellectual faculties, as well as different emotions, caused 

 a perceptible rise of temperature in the head. Merely arousing the 

 attention could produce the same result. These results were published 

 in June of 1867.* Toward the close of the latter year, Professor 

 Moritz Schiff, who had been working independently of any knowledge 

 of what the writer had been doing, communicated to the Museum of 

 Natural History of Florence results of a similar nature. In 1870 

 Professor Schiff f published an account of a series of investigations 

 made directly upon the brain of animals, which decisively proved that 

 mental work is accompanied by elevation of temperature in the brain. 

 Lastly, M. Broca has likewise arrived at the same conclusion by experi- 

 ments made, like the writer's, on the human subject, M. Broca, how- 

 ever, using thermometers instead of thermo-electric apparatus. 



The present investigations were commenced in January, 1877, and 

 have been continued almost without interruption to the present time. 

 The first step to be taken having been decided upon, namely, a thorough 

 examination of the normal relative temperatures of the different por- 

 tions of the surface of head, the next point to be decided was the 

 manner in which the examination could be best carried on. Preliminary 

 observations had satisfied the writer that experiments made upon the 

 heads of individuals taken at random could only lead to confusing and 

 contradictory results. Accordingly, the investigations were limited to 

 a few selected heads, which could be measured and compared, and the 

 different circumstances, both internal and external, affecting which, 

 could be pretty well known. Six subjects, three males and three 

 females, were selected. The next question was the measurement of 

 the head, and its division into regions, and the subdivision of these 

 regions. The following method was decided on : the head was divided 

 into three regions, designated respectively, anterior, middle, and 

 posterior. 



Anterior Region. 



The anterior region is bounded laterally by a line drawn upward, on 

 each side of the said, from the angle formed by the frontal and zygo- 

 matic processes of the malar bone in a direction parallel to the plane 

 of the forehead, taken over the frontal eminences and superciliary 

 ridges. 



The superior boundary is formed by the continuation in the same 

 plane, and junction on the top of the head, of the lateral boundaries. 



The inferior boundary is formed by a line passing horizontally across 

 the front of the head on a level with the summits of the supra-orbital 

 arches between the external angular processes of the two sides, and 



* "New York Medical Journal," June, 1867, and "Archives de Physiologie," 

 September — October, 1868. 



f "Archives de Physiologie," t. iii, p. 6, 1870. 



