IX 



After the publication, in 1829, of the third volume of his " Systema 

 Mycologicum," he again subjected the Fungi to a close investigation, 

 comparing them with his own descriptions. Having thus revised and 

 completed his observations, separated the Discomycetes from the 

 Hymenomycetes, &c, he published the results of his observations in 

 his " Flora Scanica " in 1835. 



Fries became Demonstrator in Botany at the University of Lund 

 in 1828. In 1834 he was translated to the University of Upsala as 

 Professor of Rural Economy, with which, after the death of Professor 

 Wahlenberg in 1851, the chair of Botany was united. He discharged 

 these teaching duties until 1859, when he retired on a pension. 



At Upsala he found new fields for his mycological studies, and 

 published his " Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici sen Synopsis Hymeno- 

 mycetum " in 1836—1838. 



In the year 1844 the Academy of Science in Stockholm resolved to 

 be at the expense of a series of engravings of all the species of Fungi 

 principally belonging to Hymenomycetes that could not be preserved 

 in a natural state, and gave the superintendence and direction of this 

 work to Fries. This collection, containing now from 1,600 to 1,700 

 coloured figures, is one of the richest and most extensive in existence. 

 Eleven parts, with 110 plates, have been published under the title 

 " Icones selectee Hymenomycetum nonclum delineatorum." These 

 admirable figures, to the preparation of which his latter days were 

 devoted, afford great help to the student in one of the most difficult 

 parts of botany. 



The last large work of Fries was the "Hymenomycetes Europaei 

 sive Epicriseos Systematis Mycologici, editio altera," published in 

 Upsala, in 1874. 



Fries had also, at an early age, studied the Lichens no less 

 thoroughly than the Fungi, and he essentially reformed the descrip- 

 tions and systematic arrangement of these plants. His " Licheno- 

 graphia Europaea reformata," published in Lund in 1831, was long 

 regarded as a principal work in lichenographical literature, and the 

 successively published parts of his " Lichenes exsiccati Sueciae," form 

 a remarkably valuable series. 



He also published explanations and critical examinations of some of 

 the more difficult genera among the higher plants, for instance 

 Hieracium, Sctlix, Garex, and several others. He wrote Floras of the 

 whole of Scandinavia, and of separate parts of it, and in his " Novitiae 

 Florae Sueciae," " Botaniska Notiser," &c, he gave descrijotions of 

 many new plants discovered by himself. 



His Herbarium Normale, collected at great expense, and with in- 

 credible industry, contains dried specimens of many of the rarest 

 plants of Scandinavia. It was issued in fifteen numbers, during a 

 period of over twenty years, the last being dated 1857, and is con- 



