﻿31. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  C. 
  W. 
  Thomson 
  on 
  the 
  [Nov. 
  26, 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  water 
  by 
  greatly 
  increasing 
  their 
  surface, 
  and 
  consequently 
  their 
  

   friction 
  against 
  the 
  water, 
  and 
  rendering 
  it 
  more 
  difficult 
  for 
  them 
  to 
  

   sink"*. 
  In 
  1865 
  and 
  1866 
  two 
  papers 
  were 
  read 
  by 
  Major 
  Owen, 
  

   F.L.S., 
  before 
  the 
  Linnean 
  Society, 
  " 
  On 
  the 
  Surface-fauna 
  of 
  Mid 
  

   Ocean." 
  In 
  these 
  communications 
  the 
  author 
  stated 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  taken 
  

   foraminifera 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Globigerina 
  and 
  Pulvinulina 
  living, 
  in 
  the 
  

   tow-net 
  on 
  the 
  surface, 
  at 
  many 
  stations 
  in 
  the 
  Indian 
  and 
  Atlantic 
  

   Oceans. 
  He 
  described 
  the 
  special 
  forms 
  of 
  these 
  genera 
  which 
  were 
  

   most 
  common, 
  and 
  gave 
  an 
  interesting 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  habits, 
  proposing 
  

   for 
  a 
  family 
  which 
  should 
  include 
  Globiyerina, 
  with 
  Orbulina 
  as 
  a 
  sub- 
  

   genus, 
  and 
  Pulvinulina, 
  the 
  name 
  Colymbita3, 
  from 
  the 
  circumstance 
  that, 
  

   like 
  the 
  Radiolaria, 
  these 
  Foraminifera 
  are 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  after 
  

   sunset, 
  " 
  diving" 
  to 
  some 
  depth 
  beneath 
  it 
  during 
  the 
  heat 
  of 
  the 
  day. 
  

   Our 
  colleague, 
  Mr. 
  Gwyn 
  Jeffreys, 
  chiefly 
  on 
  the 
  strength 
  of 
  Major 
  

   Owen's 
  papers, 
  maintained 
  that 
  certain 
  Foraminif 
  era 
  were 
  surface-animals, 
  

   in 
  opposition 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Carpenter 
  and 
  myself 
  f. 
  I 
  had 
  formed 
  and 
  expressed 
  

   a 
  very 
  strong 
  opinion 
  on 
  the 
  matter. 
  It 
  seemed 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  evidence 
  

   was 
  conclusive 
  that 
  the 
  Foraminifera 
  which 
  formed 
  the 
  Globigerina- 
  

   ooze 
  lived 
  on 
  the 
  bottom, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  individuals 
  on 
  the 
  

   surface 
  was 
  accidental 
  and 
  exceptional 
  ; 
  but 
  after 
  going 
  into 
  the 
  thing 
  

   carefully, 
  and 
  considering 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  evidence 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  accumu- 
  

   lated 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Murray, 
  I 
  now 
  admit 
  that 
  I 
  was 
  in 
  error 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  agree 
  with 
  

   him 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  proved, 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  materials 
  of 
  such 
  deposits 
  

   (with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  animals 
  which 
  we 
  now 
  

   know 
  to 
  live 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  at 
  all 
  depths, 
  and 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  deposit 
  as 
  

   foreign 
  bodies) 
  are 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  surface. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Murray 
  has 
  combined 
  with 
  a 
  careful 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  soundings, 
  

   a 
  constant 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  tow-net, 
  usually 
  at 
  the 
  surface, 
  but 
  also 
  at 
  depths 
  

   from 
  ten 
  to 
  one 
  hundred 
  fathoms 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  finds 
  the 
  closest 
  relation 
  to 
  

   exist 
  between 
  the 
  surface-fauna 
  of 
  any 
  particular 
  locality 
  and 
  the 
  deposit 
  

   which 
  is 
  taking 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  bottom. 
  In 
  all 
  seas, 
  from 
  the 
  equator 
  to 
  

   the 
  polar 
  ice, 
  the 
  tow-net 
  contains 
  Globigerince. 
  They 
  are 
  more 
  abundant, 
  

   and 
  of 
  a 
  larger 
  size, 
  in 
  warmer 
  seas 
  ; 
  several 
  varieties 
  attaining 
  a 
  large 
  

   size, 
  and 
  presenting 
  marked 
  varietal 
  characters, 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  inter- 
  

   tropical 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic. 
  In 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  Kerguelen 
  they 
  are 
  less 
  

   numerous 
  and 
  smaller, 
  while 
  further 
  south 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  more 
  dwarfed, 
  

   and 
  only 
  one 
  variety, 
  the 
  typical 
  Globigerina 
  bulloides, 
  is 
  represented. 
  The 
  

   living 
  Globigerince 
  from 
  the 
  tow-net 
  are 
  singularly 
  different 
  in 
  appearance 
  

   from 
  the 
  dead 
  shells 
  we 
  find 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  (Plate 
  I.). 
  The 
  shell 
  is 
  clear 
  

  

  * 
  Die 
  Eadiolarien. 
  Eine 
  Monographie 
  von 
  Dr. 
  Ernst 
  Haeckel. 
  Berlin, 
  1862, 
  

   page 
  166-167. 
  

  

  t 
  " 
  Mr. 
  Jeffreys 
  desires 
  to 
  record 
  his 
  dissent 
  from 
  this 
  conclusion, 
  since 
  (from 
  his 
  own 
  

   observations, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Major 
  Owen 
  and 
  Lieutenant 
  Palmer) 
  he 
  believes 
  

   Globigerina 
  to 
  be 
  exclusively 
  an 
  Oceanic 
  Foraminifer 
  inhabiting 
  only 
  the 
  superficial 
  

   stratum 
  of 
  the 
  sea." 
  — 
  " 
  Preliminary 
  Beport 
  of 
  the 
  Scientific 
  Exploration 
  of 
  the 
  Deep 
  

   Sea," 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  Eoyal 
  Society, 
  No. 
  121, 
  page 
  443. 
  

  

  