﻿116 
  

  

  Dr. 
  R. 
  C. 
  Shettle 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  [Dec. 
  10, 
  

  

  point 
  which 
  it 
  possesses. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  remember 
  auy 
  other 
  substance 
  of 
  a 
  

   high 
  boiling-point 
  which 
  occupies 
  at 
  the 
  boiling-point 
  a 
  volume 
  which 
  is 
  

   one 
  half 
  as 
  large 
  again 
  as 
  the 
  volume 
  at 
  the 
  ordinary 
  temperature. 
  

   In 
  the 
  accompanying 
  figure 
  (p. 
  115) 
  I 
  have 
  introduced, 
  side 
  by 
  side 
  with 
  

   the 
  parafhne 
  curve, 
  the 
  expansion 
  curves 
  of 
  mercury, 
  iodide 
  of 
  silver, 
  and 
  

   terbromide 
  of 
  phosphorus, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  expansible 
  liquids 
  known, 
  if 
  

   we 
  except 
  such 
  bodies 
  as 
  ether, 
  bromide 
  of 
  ethyl, 
  acetate 
  of 
  methyl, 
  &c, 
  

   the 
  boiling-point 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  below 
  100° 
  C, 
  and 
  which, 
  therefore, 
  could 
  

   not 
  easily 
  be 
  introduced 
  into 
  the 
  figure 
  for 
  comparison 
  with 
  a 
  body 
  which 
  

   boils 
  at 
  nearly 
  400° 
  C. 
  

  

  V. 
  " 
  Experiments 
  showing 
  the 
  Paramagnetic 
  condition 
  of 
  Arterial 
  

   Blood, 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  Diamagnetic 
  condition 
  of 
  Venous 
  

   Blood." 
  By 
  Richard 
  C. 
  Shettle, 
  M.D. 
  Communicated 
  

   by 
  Dr. 
  Lockhart 
  Clarke, 
  F.R.S. 
  Received 
  October 
  20, 
  1874. 
  

  

  The 
  magnetic 
  condition 
  of 
  all 
  matter 
  has 
  been 
  well 
  ascertained, 
  and 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  matter 
  may 
  exhibit 
  different 
  magnetic 
  phenomena 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  medium 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  placed 
  is 
  a 
  point 
  of 
  considerable 
  

   importance 
  when 
  testing 
  for 
  such 
  results. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  therefore 
  absolutely 
  essential 
  that 
  any 
  experiments 
  which 
  have 
  

   for 
  their 
  object 
  the 
  demonstration 
  of 
  paramagnetic 
  force 
  of 
  low 
  power 
  

   should 
  be 
  tested 
  in 
  media 
  of 
  known 
  strength. 
  In 
  the 
  experiments 
  I 
  have 
  

   now 
  the 
  honour 
  of 
  laying 
  before 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society, 
  the 
  relative 
  condition 
  

   which 
  bodies 
  bear 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  as 
  regards 
  their 
  magnetic 
  properties 
  has 
  

   been 
  strictly 
  observed. 
  

  

  The 
  experiments 
  consist 
  in 
  suspending 
  between 
  the 
  poles 
  of 
  a 
  power- 
  

   ful 
  electromagnet 
  arterial 
  blood 
  hermetically 
  sealed 
  in 
  a 
  glass 
  tube 
  in 
  a 
  

   medium 
  of 
  venous 
  blood, 
  and 
  venous 
  blood 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  tube, 
  previously 
  

   well 
  emptied 
  of 
  its 
  contents, 
  in 
  a 
  medium 
  of 
  arterial 
  blood, 
  care 
  being 
  

   taken 
  to 
  avoid 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  possible 
  any 
  exposure 
  of 
  the 
  blood 
  to 
  the 
  atmo- 
  

   sphere, 
  thus 
  preventing 
  any 
  alteration 
  in 
  its 
  physical 
  characteristics 
  as 
  

   regards 
  the 
  gases 
  which 
  it 
  contains. 
  

  

  The 
  necessary 
  apparatus 
  consists 
  of 
  some 
  German 
  glass 
  tubes 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  fluid 
  to 
  be 
  tested 
  is 
  hermetically 
  sealed, 
  a 
  thin 
  glass 
  vessel 
  for 
  hold- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  medium 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  testing-tube 
  is 
  suspended, 
  two 
  glass 
  bottles 
  

   for 
  defibrinating 
  the 
  blood, 
  two 
  store 
  glass 
  bottles 
  for 
  receiving 
  the 
  blood 
  

   after 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  defibrinated, 
  oxygen 
  gas, 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  gas, 
  very 
  thin 
  

   india 
  rubber, 
  and 
  an 
  electromagnet 
  and 
  battery 
  of 
  15 
  Grove's 
  cells. 
  

  

  The 
  testing-tube 
  (fig. 
  1) 
  was 
  made 
  of 
  very 
  thin 
  G-erman 
  glass, 
  and 
  

   the 
  one 
  used 
  for 
  these 
  experiments 
  was 
  of 
  the 
  size 
  and 
  shape 
  shown. 
  

   It 
  was 
  filled 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  short 
  tubes 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  surface, 
  and 
  

   when 
  filled 
  was 
  carefully 
  tied 
  over 
  with 
  very 
  thin 
  india 
  rubber 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  

   suspended 
  by 
  silk 
  in 
  the 
  ordinary 
  way. 
  

  

  