﻿1875.] 
  On 
  the 
  Expansion 
  of 
  Substances 
  on 
  Solidification. 
  209 
  

  

  Surdi 
  (D.) 
  Barometrografo 
  Elettro-Magnetico. 
  8vo. 
  Napoli 
  1874. 
  Di 
  

   un 
  fenomeno 
  dipendente 
  dalla 
  diversa 
  densita 
  dell' 
  Acqua. 
  8vo. 
  

   1874. 
  The 
  Author. 
  

  

  "Wood-Mason 
  (J.) 
  On 
  Indian 
  and 
  Malayan 
  Telphusidae. 
  Part 
  1. 
  8vo. 
  

   Calcutta 
  1871. 
  On 
  a 
  case 
  of 
  Polydactylism 
  in 
  a 
  Horse. 
  8vo. 
  1871. 
  

   On 
  Nephropsis 
  Stewarti. 
  8vo. 
  1873. 
  On 
  Rhopalorhynclius 
  Kroyeri. 
  

   8vo. 
  1873. 
  On 
  New 
  Species 
  of 
  Phasmidse. 
  8vo. 
  1873. 
  On 
  a 
  

   New 
  Glenus 
  of 
  Land-crabs 
  from 
  the 
  Nicobar 
  Islands. 
  8vo. 
  1873. 
  

  

  The 
  Author. 
  

  

  Wormald 
  (Thomas) 
  — 
  Obituary 
  Notice. 
  8vo. 
  London 
  1874. 
  

  

  G. 
  Gulliver, 
  F.B.S. 
  

  

  "On 
  the 
  alleged 
  Expansion 
  in 
  Volume 
  of 
  various 
  Substances 
  in 
  

   passing 
  by 
  Refrigeration 
  from 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  Liquid 
  Fusion 
  to 
  

   that 
  of 
  Solidification." 
  By 
  Robert 
  Mallet, 
  F.R.S. 
  &c. 
  Re- 
  

   ceived 
  April 
  28, 
  1874* 
  

  

  The 
  fact 
  that 
  water 
  expands 
  in 
  becoming 
  ice, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  latter 
  thus 
  

   floats 
  upon 
  the 
  water, 
  can 
  scarcely 
  have 
  escaped 
  the 
  observation 
  or 
  in- 
  

   ference 
  of 
  the 
  acute 
  intellects 
  of 
  a 
  remote 
  antiquity. 
  Its 
  conditions, 
  when 
  

   more 
  carefully 
  examined 
  in 
  modern 
  times, 
  pointed 
  out 
  the 
  strange 
  and, 
  

   as 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  called, 
  anomalous 
  fact 
  that 
  water 
  can 
  be 
  cooled 
  7° 
  or 
  8° 
  

   below 
  its 
  freezing-point 
  without 
  becoming 
  solid, 
  and 
  that 
  between 
  its 
  

   maximum 
  density 
  at 
  about 
  39° 
  Fahr. 
  and 
  its 
  freezing-point 
  at 
  32° 
  Fahr., 
  

   or 
  within 
  the 
  narrow 
  range 
  of 
  7° 
  Fahr., 
  it 
  expands 
  in 
  the 
  large 
  ratio 
  of 
  

   915 
  : 
  1000. 
  

  

  Standing 
  thus 
  alone 
  amongst 
  observed 
  phenomena 
  in 
  nature, 
  it 
  seems 
  

   to 
  have 
  suggested 
  to 
  many 
  experimenters 
  the 
  question 
  whether 
  other 
  

   bodies 
  when 
  liquefied 
  by 
  heat 
  might 
  not 
  also 
  expand 
  when 
  becoming 
  solid 
  

   by 
  refrigeration. 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  attempted 
  to 
  trace 
  with 
  minuteness 
  the 
  

   history 
  of 
  past 
  inquiry 
  upon 
  this 
  subject, 
  many 
  loose 
  uncertain 
  state- 
  

   ments 
  as 
  to 
  which 
  have 
  for 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  century 
  continued 
  to 
  perplex 
  scien- 
  

   tific 
  literature. 
  Reaumur 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  first 
  who 
  gave 
  currency 
  

   to 
  the 
  statement 
  that 
  cast 
  iron, 
  bismuth, 
  and 
  antimony 
  all 
  expand 
  in 
  con- 
  

   solidating. 
  The 
  like 
  fact 
  has 
  been 
  alleged 
  or 
  left 
  to 
  be 
  inferred 
  with 
  

   respect 
  to 
  the 
  following 
  substances 
  by 
  the 
  authorities 
  named 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Silver, 
  Persoz. 
  

  

  Copper, 
  Karsten. 
  

  

  Mercury 
  and 
  Gold, 
  as 
  inferred 
  by 
  Nasmyth 
  and 
  Carpenter. 
  

  

  * 
  Read 
  June 
  11, 
  1874. 
  See 
  'Proceedings/ 
  vol. 
  xxii. 
  p. 
  366. 
  

  

  