﻿234 
  Dr. 
  W. 
  B. 
  Carpenter 
  on 
  the 
  Nature 
  of 
  the 
  [Feb. 
  4, 
  

  

  afforded 
  hiin 
  by 
  Colonel 
  Milward, 
  R.A. 
  (Superintendent 
  of 
  the 
  Labora- 
  

   tories, 
  Royal 
  Arsenal, 
  Woolwich), 
  and 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Davison, 
  his 
  chief 
  as- 
  

   sistant. 
  Like 
  thanks 
  he 
  wishes 
  to 
  return 
  also 
  to 
  Messrs. 
  Pontifex 
  and 
  

   Wood. 
  Lastly, 
  he 
  wishes 
  to 
  record 
  the 
  valuable 
  aid 
  he 
  has 
  received 
  in 
  

   making 
  these 
  experiments 
  and 
  calculations 
  from 
  his 
  assistant, 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  

   Worby 
  Beaumont. 
  

  

  February 
  4, 
  1875. 
  

  

  JOSEPH 
  DALTON 
  HOOKER, 
  C.B., 
  President, 
  in 
  the 
  Chair. 
  

  

  The 
  Presents 
  received 
  were 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  table, 
  and 
  thanks 
  ordered 
  for 
  

   them. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  Papers 
  were 
  read 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  I. 
  " 
  Remarks 
  on 
  Professor 
  Wyville 
  Thomson's 
  Preliminary 
  

   Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Nature 
  of 
  the 
  Sea-bottom 
  procured 
  by 
  the 
  

   Soundings 
  of 
  H.M.S. 
  < 
  Challenger/ 
  " 
  By 
  William 
  B. 
  Car- 
  

   penter, 
  M.D., 
  LL.D., 
  E.R.S. 
  Received 
  Dec. 
  29, 
  1874. 
  

  

  The 
  extreme 
  interest 
  of 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  questions 
  started 
  and 
  partly 
  dis- 
  

   cussed 
  in 
  Professor 
  Wyville 
  Thomson's 
  communication 
  will 
  be 
  deemed, 
  

   I 
  trust, 
  a 
  sufficient 
  reason 
  for 
  my 
  offering 
  such 
  contributions 
  as 
  my 
  own 
  

   experience 
  furnishes 
  towards 
  their 
  solution. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  of 
  these 
  questions 
  is, 
  whether 
  the 
  Globigerince, 
  by 
  the 
  accumu- 
  

   lation 
  of 
  whose 
  shells 
  the 
  Globigerina-ooze 
  is 
  being 
  formed 
  on 
  the 
  deep- 
  

   sea 
  bottom, 
  live 
  and 
  multiply 
  on 
  that 
  bottom, 
  or 
  pass 
  their 
  whole 
  lives 
  in 
  

   the 
  superjacent 
  water 
  (especially 
  in 
  its 
  upper 
  stratum), 
  only 
  subsiding 
  

   to 
  the 
  bottom 
  when 
  dead. 
  

  

  Having 
  previously 
  held 
  the 
  former 
  opinion, 
  Prof. 
  Wyville 
  Thomson 
  

   states 
  that 
  he 
  has 
  now 
  been 
  led 
  to 
  adopt 
  the 
  latter, 
  by 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  Mr. 
  

   Murray's 
  explorations 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  and 
  sub-surface 
  waters 
  with 
  the 
  tow- 
  

   net 
  — 
  which 
  results 
  concur 
  with 
  the 
  previous 
  observations 
  of 
  Miiller, 
  

   Haeckel, 
  Major 
  Owen, 
  and 
  others, 
  in 
  showing 
  that 
  Globigerince, 
  in 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  with 
  many 
  other 
  Poraminif 
  era, 
  have 
  a 
  pelagic 
  habitat; 
  while 
  the 
  

   close 
  relation 
  which 
  they 
  further 
  indicate 
  between 
  the 
  surface-fauna 
  of 
  

   any 
  particular 
  locality 
  and 
  the 
  materials 
  of 
  the 
  organic 
  deposit 
  at 
  the 
  

   bottom, 
  appears 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Wyville 
  Thomson 
  to 
  warrant 
  the 
  conclusion 
  

   that 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  altogether 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  former. 
  

  

  Now 
  without 
  in 
  the 
  least 
  degree 
  calling 
  in 
  question 
  the 
  correctness 
  of 
  

   these 
  observations, 
  I 
  venture 
  to 
  submit, 
  first, 
  that 
  they 
  bear 
  a 
  different 
  

   interpretation 
  ; 
  and 
  second, 
  that 
  this 
  interpretation 
  is 
  required 
  by 
  other 
  

   facts, 
  of 
  which 
  no 
  account 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Wyville 
  

   Thomson 
  and 
  his 
  coadjutor. 
  In 
  this, 
  as 
  in 
  many 
  other 
  instances, 
  I 
  

  

  