﻿1875.] 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Cruise 
  of 
  H. 
  M.S. 
  ' 
  Challenger 
  J 
  

  

  245 
  

  

  the 
  Eoraminiferal 
  shells 
  whose 
  internal 
  casts 
  formed 
  the 
  Grreensand 
  

   deposit 
  of 
  the 
  Cretaceous 
  epoch, 
  must 
  remain 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  an 
  open 
  

   question*. 
  

  

  II. 
  " 
  Report 
  to 
  the 
  Hydrographer 
  of 
  the 
  Admiralty 
  on 
  the 
  Cruise 
  

   of 
  H.M.S. 
  < 
  Challenger 
  ' 
  from 
  July 
  to 
  November 
  1874." 
  By 
  

   Prof. 
  Wyville 
  Thomson, 
  F.R.S., 
  Director 
  of 
  the 
  Civilian 
  

   Scientific 
  Staff 
  on 
  Board. 
  Received 
  J 
  anuary 
  4t, 
  1875. 
  (Pub- 
  

   lished 
  by 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  Lords 
  of 
  the 
  Admiralty.) 
  

  

  H.M.S. 
  ' 
  Challenger,' 
  Hong 
  Kong. 
  

  

  The 
  'Challenger' 
  left 
  Port 
  Nicholson 
  on 
  the 
  7th 
  of 
  July, 
  1874, 
  and 
  

   proceeded 
  under 
  sail 
  along 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  of 
  New 
  Zealand. 
  On 
  the 
  8th 
  

   we 
  rounded 
  and 
  trawled 
  in 
  1100 
  fathoms, 
  lat. 
  40° 
  13' 
  S., 
  long. 
  177° 
  43' 
  

   E., 
  with 
  a 
  bottom-temperature 
  of 
  2° 
  C. 
  and 
  a 
  bottom 
  of 
  soft 
  greenish 
  

   ooze. 
  Many 
  animals 
  were 
  brought 
  up 
  by 
  this 
  trawl 
  resembling 
  closely 
  

   those 
  which 
  we 
  had 
  taken 
  at 
  a 
  corresponding 
  depth 
  in 
  other 
  portions 
  of 
  

   the 
  southern 
  sea. 
  On 
  the 
  10th 
  we 
  again 
  trawled 
  and 
  sounded 
  in 
  700 
  

   fathoms 
  about 
  40 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  East 
  Cape. 
  

  

  We 
  then 
  continued 
  our 
  course 
  northwards 
  towards 
  the 
  Kermadec 
  

   Islands, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  14th 
  we 
  took 
  our 
  usual 
  series 
  of 
  observations 
  mid- 
  

   way 
  between 
  Macauley 
  and 
  Raoul 
  Islands 
  in 
  the 
  Kermadec 
  group. 
  At 
  

   this 
  station 
  we 
  trawled 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  630 
  fathoms 
  ; 
  and 
  we 
  were 
  greatly 
  

   struck 
  with 
  the 
  general 
  resemblance 
  between 
  the 
  assemblage 
  of 
  animal 
  

   forms 
  brought 
  up' 
  in 
  the 
  trawl 
  and 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  a 
  good 
  haul 
  in 
  about 
  

   the 
  same 
  depth 
  off 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Portugal 
  or 
  North 
  Africa. 
  Among 
  the 
  

   more 
  interesting 
  objects 
  were 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  splendid 
  specimen 
  of 
  a 
  

   Hexactinellid 
  sponge 
  allied 
  to 
  Poliopogon, 
  several 
  other 
  fine 
  sponges 
  

   referred 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  group, 
  and 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  examples 
  of 
  two 
  species 
  of 
  

   Pentacrinus 
  new 
  to 
  science, 
  resembling 
  generally 
  P. 
  asteria, 
  L., 
  from 
  the 
  

   Antilles. 
  We 
  trawled 
  on 
  the 
  following 
  day 
  in 
  600 
  fathoms, 
  45 
  miles 
  to 
  

   the 
  north 
  of 
  Raoul 
  Island, 
  with 
  nearly 
  equal 
  success. 
  On 
  the 
  evening 
  of 
  

   Sunday 
  the 
  19th 
  we 
  arrived 
  at 
  Tongatabu 
  and 
  called 
  on 
  the 
  principal 
  

   missionary, 
  Mr. 
  Baker, 
  from 
  whom 
  we 
  received 
  every 
  possible 
  attention 
  

   during 
  our 
  short 
  stay. 
  After 
  spending 
  two 
  days 
  in 
  visiting 
  different 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  island, 
  we 
  left 
  Tongatabu 
  on 
  the 
  22nd 
  of 
  July, 
  and 
  after 
  

   taking 
  a 
  few 
  hauls 
  of 
  the 
  dredge 
  in 
  shallow 
  water 
  we 
  proceeded 
  towards 
  

   Kandavu 
  in 
  the 
  Fijis. 
  On 
  the 
  24th 
  we 
  stopped 
  off 
  Matuku 
  Island 
  and 
  

   landed 
  a 
  party 
  of 
  surveyors 
  and 
  naturalists 
  ; 
  and 
  while 
  they 
  were 
  taking 
  

  

  * 
  It 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  Prof. 
  W. 
  C. 
  Williamson 
  to 
  point 
  out 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  Memoir 
  already 
  

   referred 
  to, 
  he 
  indicated 
  the 
  probability 
  " 
  that 
  many 
  of 
  our 
  European 
  Greensands, 
  

   and 
  other 
  siliceous 
  strata, 
  however 
  barren 
  of 
  such 
  structures 
  they 
  appear, 
  may 
  

   have 
  once 
  contained 
  multitudes 
  of 
  calcareous 
  microscopic 
  organisms, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  

   have 
  been 
  removed 
  after 
  the 
  consolidation 
  of 
  the 
  strata, 
  leaving 
  either 
  hollow 
  casts, 
  or 
  

   having 
  had 
  the 
  cavities 
  subsequently 
  filled 
  with 
  silica." 
  

  

  