﻿the 
  Action 
  of 
  the 
  Chinoline 
  and 
  Pyridine 
  Bases. 
  291 
  

  

  mice, 
  rabbits, 
  guineapigs, 
  cats, 
  dogs, 
  and 
  man 
  ; 
  but 
  as 
  the 
  effects 
  were 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  similar 
  in 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  instances, 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  rabbits. 
  After 
  having 
  noted 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  chinoline, 
  

   we 
  next 
  studied, 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  method, 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  hydrochlorates 
  of 
  the 
  

   bases 
  distilling 
  off 
  at 
  higher 
  temperatures, 
  including 
  such 
  bases 
  as 
  lepidine, 
  

   dispoline, 
  tetrahiroline, 
  &c. 
  We 
  then 
  examined 
  the 
  pyridine 
  series, 
  begin- 
  

   ning 
  with 
  pyridine 
  itself, 
  and 
  passing 
  upwards 
  to 
  bases 
  obtained 
  at 
  still 
  

   higher 
  boiling-points, 
  such 
  as 
  picoline, 
  lutidine, 
  &c. 
  Lastly, 
  the 
  investi- 
  

   gation 
  was 
  directed 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  condensed 
  bases, 
  such 
  as 
  dipyridine, 
  

   parapicoline, 
  &c. 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  these 
  substances 
  were 
  compared 
  with 
  

   those 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  chinoline 
  series 
  and 
  among 
  them- 
  

   selves. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  we 
  could 
  observe, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  difference 
  as 
  regards 
  

   physiological 
  action 
  between 
  bases 
  obtained 
  from 
  cinchonine 
  and 
  others 
  

   got 
  from 
  tar. 
  

  

  II. 
  Physiological 
  Effects 
  of 
  Htdeochloeate 
  of 
  Chxetolike 
  

   (C 
  9 
  H 
  7 
  NHC1). 
  

  

  The 
  administration, 
  by 
  subcutaneous 
  injection, 
  of 
  1| 
  grain 
  for 
  every 
  

   1 
  pound 
  of 
  weight 
  into 
  a 
  healthy 
  rabbit 
  produced 
  the 
  following 
  effects 
  : 
  — 
  In 
  

   four 
  or 
  five 
  minutes 
  the 
  animal 
  appeared 
  to 
  become 
  drowsy, 
  was 
  unwilling 
  

   to 
  move; 
  bat 
  when 
  pushed, 
  locomotion 
  was 
  not 
  affected. 
  Both 
  the 
  pul- 
  

   sations 
  of 
  the 
  heart 
  and 
  the 
  respiratory 
  movements 
  were 
  slightly 
  increased 
  

   in 
  frequency 
  at 
  this 
  stage. 
  The 
  drowsiness 
  increased, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  

   minutes 
  more 
  the 
  animal 
  sank 
  on 
  its 
  abdomen 
  and 
  remained 
  motionless, 
  

   with 
  the 
  eyes 
  widely 
  opened. 
  It 
  was 
  now 
  gently 
  turned 
  over 
  on 
  its 
  

   back 
  or 
  side, 
  and 
  it 
  remained 
  in 
  that 
  unnatural 
  position. 
  Still 
  later, 
  

   there 
  was 
  complete 
  anaesthesia. 
  At 
  no 
  period 
  was 
  there 
  any 
  hyper- 
  

   esthesia. 
  Keflex 
  functions 
  were 
  also 
  in 
  abeyance 
  so 
  far 
  that 
  they 
  

   could 
  not 
  be 
  excited 
  by 
  pinching 
  or 
  pricking, 
  but 
  irritation 
  by 
  a 
  

   Faradic 
  current 
  caused 
  feeble 
  movements. 
  The 
  animal 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  

   unconscious 
  of 
  loud 
  sounds. 
  The 
  pupil 
  was 
  normal 
  as 
  regards 
  size, 
  

   and 
  it 
  contracted 
  readily 
  when 
  exposed 
  to 
  a 
  strong 
  light. 
  The 
  reflex 
  

   movements 
  of 
  the 
  eyelid 
  'were 
  not 
  lost 
  until 
  the 
  animal 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  

   deep 
  stupor 
  from 
  an 
  overdose. 
  The 
  respirations 
  were 
  now 
  much 
  fewer 
  in 
  

   number, 
  and 
  of 
  less 
  depth 
  than 
  normal. 
  The 
  heart 
  still 
  acted 
  vigorously, 
  

   but 
  the 
  pulsations 
  were 
  decreased 
  in 
  number 
  by 
  about 
  one 
  sixth. 
  After 
  

   remaining 
  motionless 
  in 
  that 
  condition 
  for 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  perhaps 
  

   four 
  hours, 
  the 
  rabbit 
  slowly 
  recovered, 
  raised 
  its 
  head 
  from 
  the 
  table, 
  

   began 
  to 
  move 
  about, 
  and 
  frequently 
  ate 
  food 
  placed 
  before 
  it. 
  It 
  

   recovered 
  completely 
  from 
  the 
  dose 
  above 
  indicated, 
  without 
  any 
  bad 
  

   symptom 
  supervening. 
  A 
  dose 
  of 
  2 
  or 
  2| 
  grains 
  per 
  pound 
  weight 
  was 
  

   usually 
  lethal. 
  If, 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  three 
  hours, 
  the 
  animal 
  showed 
  no 
  indi- 
  

   cations 
  towards 
  recovery, 
  it 
  apparently 
  sank 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  profound 
  insen- 
  

   sibility, 
  the 
  heart-pulsations 
  became 
  feebler, 
  and 
  the 
  respirations 
  more 
  

   and 
  more 
  shallow, 
  until 
  they 
  were 
  barely 
  perceptible. 
  Death 
  ensued 
  

  

  