﻿540 
  Dr. 
  F. 
  W. 
  Pavy 
  on 
  the 
  Production 
  of 
  Glycosuria. 
  [June 
  17 
  , 
  

  

  which 
  the 
  medulla 
  oblongata 
  influenced 
  the 
  liver, 
  that 
  I 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  recog- 
  

   nize 
  the 
  facts 
  which 
  my 
  researches 
  disclosed. 
  

  

  These 
  results 
  merely 
  showed 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  other 
  means 
  besides 
  

   puncturing 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  fourth 
  ventricle 
  by 
  which 
  artificial 
  diabetes 
  

   could 
  be 
  induced. 
  They 
  did 
  not 
  explain 
  the 
  reason 
  of 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   sugar, 
  and 
  I 
  still 
  sought 
  to 
  discover 
  something 
  upon 
  this 
  point. 
  Failing 
  

   to 
  reconcile 
  any 
  explanation 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  suggested 
  with 
  the 
  evidence 
  

   furnished 
  by 
  experiment, 
  I 
  have 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  pushed 
  inquiry 
  in 
  

   various 
  directions, 
  but 
  always 
  with 
  a 
  fruitless 
  issue, 
  until 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  

   1874, 
  when 
  I 
  came 
  across 
  the 
  results 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  object 
  of 
  this 
  com- 
  

   munication 
  to 
  make 
  known, 
  a 
  brief 
  announcement 
  of 
  them 
  having 
  been 
  

   previously 
  made 
  in 
  a 
  letter 
  to 
  the 
  Secretaries 
  of 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society 
  shortly 
  

   after 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  session 
  of 
  last 
  year. 
  

  

  For 
  some 
  time 
  past 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  led 
  to 
  look 
  to 
  an 
  altered 
  condition 
  of 
  

   the 
  blood 
  flowing 
  to 
  the 
  liver 
  as 
  likely 
  to 
  prove 
  the 
  most 
  probable 
  cause 
  

   of 
  the 
  transformation 
  of 
  amyloid 
  substance 
  into 
  sugar, 
  which 
  evidently 
  

   constitutes 
  the 
  foundation 
  of 
  the 
  artificial 
  diabetes 
  following 
  operations 
  

   upon 
  the 
  nervous 
  system. 
  Schiff 
  is 
  of 
  this 
  view, 
  and 
  (' 
  Journal 
  de 
  1'Ana- 
  

   tomie 
  et 
  de 
  la 
  Physiologie,' 
  Paris, 
  1866) 
  has 
  referred 
  the 
  escape 
  of 
  sugar 
  

   from 
  the 
  liver, 
  and 
  thence 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  glycosuria, 
  to 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  a 
  ferment 
  in 
  the 
  blood 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  hypersemia 
  which 
  fol- 
  

   lows 
  the 
  operations 
  on 
  the 
  nervous 
  system 
  which 
  occasion 
  artificial 
  

   diabetes. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  necessary, 
  according 
  to 
  his 
  view, 
  that 
  there 
  should 
  

   be 
  hyperemia 
  specially 
  of 
  the 
  liver 
  ; 
  but 
  hyperamiia 
  anywhere 
  may 
  lead 
  

   to 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  ferment 
  which 
  he 
  alleges 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  source 
  

   of 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  sugar. 
  " 
  Le 
  diabete 
  par 
  suite 
  de 
  l'hyperemie 
  pour- 
  

   rait 
  done 
  bien 
  ne 
  pas 
  etre 
  l'effet 
  specifique 
  d'une 
  hyperemie 
  du 
  foie, 
  mais 
  

   de 
  chaque 
  hyperemie 
  generale 
  d'une 
  certaine 
  etendue." 
  I 
  have 
  carefully 
  

   examined 
  this 
  view 
  of 
  Schiff, 
  and 
  cannot 
  obtain 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  a 
  ferment 
  in 
  the 
  manner 
  asserted 
  ; 
  moreover 
  I 
  have 
  tried 
  the 
  

   effect 
  of 
  introducing 
  a 
  secretion, 
  viz. 
  saliva, 
  into 
  the 
  circulatory 
  system, 
  

   which 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  act 
  as 
  an 
  energetic 
  ferment 
  upon 
  the 
  amyloid 
  substance 
  

   of 
  the 
  liver. 
  At 
  first 
  I 
  introduced 
  it 
  into 
  the 
  general 
  circulation 
  through 
  

   the 
  jugular 
  vein, 
  and 
  failed 
  to 
  observe 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  saccharine 
  urine. 
  

   Later 
  on, 
  thinking 
  the 
  experiment 
  might 
  be 
  more 
  effective, 
  I 
  injected 
  it 
  

   into 
  a 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  mesenteric 
  vein, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  would 
  all 
  pass 
  directly 
  to 
  

   the 
  liver. 
  Upon 
  one 
  occasion 
  I 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  urine, 
  from 
  some 
  cause 
  

   or 
  other, 
  became 
  to 
  a 
  moderate 
  extent 
  saccharine 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  

   of 
  other 
  experiments 
  the 
  operation 
  was 
  attended 
  with 
  a 
  negative 
  result. 
  

   The 
  quantity 
  used 
  varied 
  in 
  different 
  instances, 
  the 
  largest 
  amount 
  em- 
  

   ployed 
  being 
  13 
  fluid 
  drachms. 
  In 
  some 
  cases 
  the 
  saliva 
  was 
  introduced 
  

   in 
  a 
  pure 
  state, 
  in 
  others 
  after 
  dilution 
  with 
  varying 
  proportions 
  of 
  

   water. 
  

  

  Looking 
  at 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  amyloid 
  substance 
  is 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  

   hepatic 
  cells, 
  it 
  is 
  scarcely 
  surprising 
  that 
  a 
  ferment 
  of 
  a 
  colloid 
  nature 
  

  

  