﻿1875.] 
  Dr. 
  F. 
  W.Pavy 
  on 
  the 
  Production 
  of 
  Glycosuria. 
  541 
  

  

  contained 
  in 
  the 
  blood 
  should 
  fail 
  to 
  be 
  capable 
  of 
  determining 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  sugar 
  whilst 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  vessels 
  of 
  the 
  liver. 
  

  

  Haviug 
  so 
  far 
  proceeded 
  without 
  success, 
  it 
  now 
  occurred 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  try 
  

   the 
  effect 
  of 
  introducing 
  defibrinated 
  arterial 
  blood 
  into 
  the 
  portal 
  

   system. 
  I 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  experiment 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  from 
  having 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  

   previously 
  observed 
  that 
  when 
  arterial 
  blood 
  only 
  was 
  allowed 
  to] 
  flow 
  

   through 
  the 
  liver 
  (as, 
  for 
  instance, 
  when 
  the 
  portal 
  vein 
  was 
  tied 
  and 
  the 
  

   hepatic 
  artery 
  left 
  free), 
  sugar 
  escaped 
  from 
  the 
  organ 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  

   as 
  to 
  render 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  the 
  circulatory 
  system 
  strongly 
  saccharine. 
  

   This 
  result 
  I 
  had 
  commented 
  upon 
  as 
  being 
  somewhat 
  surprising, 
  and 
  

   as 
  furnishing 
  evidence 
  standing 
  in 
  opposition 
  to 
  Bernard's 
  glycogenic 
  

   theory. 
  I 
  had 
  not 
  succeeded 
  by 
  the 
  operation 
  in 
  producing 
  glycosuria, 
  

   because, 
  as 
  it 
  appeared 
  to 
  me, 
  no 
  urine 
  was 
  secreted, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  liga- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  the 
  portal 
  vein 
  leading 
  to 
  such 
  a 
  diversion 
  of 
  blood 
  from 
  the 
  

   general 
  circulation, 
  by 
  the 
  accumulation 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  portal 
  system, 
  

   that 
  the 
  flow 
  through 
  the 
  kidney 
  was 
  too 
  slight 
  to 
  allow 
  of 
  it. 
  I 
  had 
  

   endeavoured 
  to 
  overcome 
  this 
  obstacle 
  by 
  connecting, 
  through 
  the 
  medium 
  

   of 
  a 
  canula, 
  the 
  portal 
  with 
  the 
  right 
  renal 
  vein 
  after 
  ligaturing 
  the 
  cor- 
  

   responding 
  renal 
  artery. 
  If 
  the 
  experiment 
  had 
  succeeded, 
  the 
  liver 
  

   would 
  have 
  been 
  left 
  with 
  its 
  arterial 
  supply, 
  but 
  the 
  portal 
  stream 
  would 
  

   have 
  been 
  diverted 
  and 
  made 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  inferior 
  cava 
  without 
  traversing 
  

   the 
  hepatic 
  vessels. 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  operation, 
  this 
  I 
  found 
  I 
  could 
  

   accomplish 
  ; 
  but 
  each 
  time 
  I 
  performed 
  the 
  experiment 
  the 
  object 
  I 
  had 
  

   in 
  view 
  was 
  frustrated 
  by 
  the 
  canula 
  becoming 
  quickly 
  filled 
  with 
  a 
  plug 
  

   of 
  blood-clot. 
  It 
  was 
  whilst 
  under 
  this 
  difficulty 
  that 
  I 
  thought 
  of 
  col- 
  

   lecting 
  blood 
  from 
  an 
  artery, 
  defibrinating 
  it, 
  and 
  then 
  introducing 
  it 
  

   into 
  the 
  portal 
  system. 
  I 
  had 
  considered 
  it 
  possible 
  that 
  some 
  slight 
  

   effect 
  might 
  be 
  perceptible, 
  but 
  had 
  not 
  anticipated 
  the 
  strongly 
  marked 
  

   result 
  which 
  is 
  producible. 
  

  

  The 
  amount 
  of 
  blood 
  used 
  has 
  been 
  from 
  10 
  to 
  18 
  fluid 
  ounces. 
  After 
  

   the 
  production 
  of 
  anaesthesia 
  by 
  chloroform 
  the 
  blood 
  was 
  collected 
  from 
  

   the 
  carotid 
  artery, 
  stirred 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  defibrinate 
  it, 
  strained, 
  and 
  then 
  

   very 
  slowly 
  injected 
  into 
  a 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  mesenteric 
  vein. 
  In 
  one 
  ex- 
  

   periment, 
  where 
  half 
  an 
  hour 
  had 
  been 
  employed 
  in 
  making 
  the 
  injection, 
  

   the 
  urine, 
  at 
  the 
  completion 
  of 
  the 
  operation, 
  contained 
  a 
  notable 
  amount 
  

   of 
  sugar, 
  and 
  half 
  an 
  hour 
  later 
  showed, 
  by 
  analysis, 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  15 
  

   grains 
  to 
  the 
  fluid 
  ounce. 
  In 
  a 
  second 
  the 
  urine 
  contained 
  10 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  

   third 
  14 
  grains 
  to 
  the 
  fluid 
  ounce 
  when 
  collected 
  three 
  quarters 
  of 
  an 
  

   hour 
  after 
  the 
  operation. 
  

  

  The 
  experiments 
  were 
  performed 
  upon 
  dogs, 
  and 
  in 
  each 
  case 
  it 
  had 
  

   been 
  ascertained 
  that 
  the 
  urine 
  was 
  devoid 
  of 
  sugar 
  before 
  the 
  operation. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  thus 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  these 
  results 
  leave 
  no 
  doubt 
  about 
  the 
  decided 
  

   production 
  of 
  glycosuria. 
  The 
  effect 
  was 
  not 
  only 
  rapid 
  but 
  of 
  a 
  

   strongly 
  marked 
  character. 
  It 
  is 
  necessary, 
  however, 
  before 
  concluding 
  

   that 
  the 
  glycosuria 
  was 
  really 
  attributable 
  to 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  oxyge- 
  

   nated 
  blood, 
  to 
  have 
  evidence 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  oxygenated 
  blood 
  a 
  

  

  