﻿XIX 
  

  

  ning 
  the 
  exploration 
  of 
  Russia. 
  In 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  three 
  summers, 
  

   Messrs. 
  Murchison, 
  De 
  Yerneuil, 
  and 
  De 
  Keyserling 
  examiued 
  an 
  area 
  

   equal 
  in 
  extent 
  to 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  Europe. 
  They 
  took 
  different 
  routes, 
  

   meeting 
  occasionally 
  to 
  compare 
  notes. 
  

  

  The 
  important 
  work 
  devoted 
  to 
  Russia 
  in 
  Europe 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Oural 
  

   Mountains, 
  and 
  accompanied 
  by 
  geological 
  maps, 
  appeared 
  in 
  1845. 
  

   The 
  introduction 
  of 
  the 
  Permian 
  formation 
  into 
  the 
  science 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  chief 
  results 
  of 
  this 
  exploration. 
  The 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  volume 
  

   of 
  this 
  book 
  is 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  De 
  Yerneuil, 
  assisted 
  by 
  De 
  Keyserling 
  

   as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  Palaeozoic 
  fauna 
  is 
  concerned. 
  That 
  part 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  Se- 
  

   condary 
  fauua 
  was 
  intrusted 
  to 
  D'Orbigny. 
  Taking 
  a 
  general 
  survey 
  of 
  

   the 
  fauna 
  of 
  the 
  four 
  Palaeozoic 
  systems, 
  the 
  author 
  shows 
  that 
  organized 
  

   beings 
  follow 
  each 
  other 
  there 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  order 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  coun- 
  

   tries 
  of 
  Europe. 
  

  

  De 
  Yerneuil 
  next 
  turned 
  his 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  World. 
  The 
  North- 
  

   American 
  geologists 
  had 
  been 
  working 
  hitherto 
  quite 
  independently 
  of 
  

   those 
  of 
  Europe. 
  They 
  had 
  ascertained 
  the 
  remarkable 
  development 
  of 
  

   the 
  ancient 
  strata 
  in 
  that 
  quarter 
  of 
  the 
  globe, 
  so 
  remarkable 
  for 
  their 
  

   immense 
  thickness 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  considerable 
  area 
  they 
  cover 
  — 
  no 
  

   less 
  than 
  35 
  degrees 
  of 
  longitude 
  by 
  15 
  degrees 
  of 
  latitude. 
  There 
  were 
  

   then 
  no 
  data 
  for 
  connecting 
  the 
  two 
  systems, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  separation 
  of 
  

   the 
  two 
  continents 
  by 
  several 
  thousand 
  miles. 
  

  

  Scarcely 
  was 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  Russian 
  expedition 
  

   completed 
  when 
  De 
  Yerneuil 
  undertook 
  to 
  supply 
  this 
  great 
  want. 
  The 
  

   task 
  before 
  him 
  was 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  to 
  follow 
  and 
  compare 
  on 
  the 
  two 
  di- 
  

   stinct 
  continents 
  the 
  sedimentary 
  deposits 
  from 
  the 
  oldest 
  fossiliferous 
  

   strata 
  to 
  those 
  containing 
  coal. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  foundation 
  for 
  this 
  labour 
  he 
  had 
  only 
  those 
  species 
  which 
  he 
  

   had 
  studied 
  in 
  local 
  collections, 
  or 
  which 
  he 
  had 
  himself 
  found. 
  He 
  

   established 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  even 
  in 
  such 
  remote 
  countries 
  the 
  first 
  traces 
  

   of 
  life 
  manifest 
  themselves 
  by 
  nearly 
  similar 
  forms 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  is, 
  indeed, 
  

   a 
  striking 
  agreement 
  in 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  their 
  succession. 
  

  

  This 
  notice 
  on 
  the 
  parallelism 
  of 
  the 
  Palaeozoic 
  strata 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  

   continents 
  remains 
  a 
  standard 
  work 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  constant 
  advances 
  of 
  

   the 
  science, 
  and 
  is 
  perhaps 
  the 
  masterpiece 
  of 
  De 
  Yerneuil. 
  

  

  His 
  next 
  labours 
  were 
  in 
  Spain. 
  De 
  Blainville, 
  who 
  did 
  not 
  believe 
  

   in 
  the 
  universality 
  of 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  Palaeontology, 
  engaged 
  him 
  in 
  this 
  

   enterprise. 
  Though 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  succession 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  of 
  Northern 
  

   Europe 
  and 
  America 
  were 
  well 
  established, 
  this 
  great 
  naturalist 
  supposed 
  

   that 
  in 
  Spain, 
  especially 
  towards 
  the 
  South, 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  succession 
  of 
  

   the 
  fossil 
  strata 
  must 
  be 
  reversed, 
  or 
  at 
  any 
  rate 
  modified. 
  

  

  Between 
  the 
  years 
  1849 
  and 
  1862 
  De 
  Yerneuil 
  made 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  

   twelve 
  journeys 
  in 
  the 
  Peninsula, 
  sometimes 
  alone, 
  sometimes 
  in 
  com- 
  

   pany 
  with 
  M. 
  Edouard 
  Collomb, 
  well 
  known 
  for 
  his 
  works 
  on 
  ancient 
  

   glaciers, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  accompanied 
  by 
  young 
  naturalists 
  desirous 
  of 
  

  

  