regions. Three classes of phenomena considered were, 1st : 

 whorls, and associated with them, featherings and crests ; 

 2nd: reversed areas of hair; 3rd: tufts, as on the flank of 

 a domestic horse. 



A whorl represents diverging, and a tuft converging 

 streams of hair. Two of these three classes are best studied 

 on the horse, viz., 1 and 3 ; whereas 2 is most common on 

 the domestic short-haired dog. An otter was chosen as a type 

 of a well-known animal with primitive hair-slope, the nearest 

 approach to this form being that of a domestic cat, where 

 only one small departure is found, viz., on the short broad 

 snout. Here the direction of hair is from base to tip of 

 snout, contrary to that of the primitive type, and this is 

 shared by its more lordly relatives, the larger Felidse, e.g., 

 lion, tiger, leopard, puma. Explanation of this fact in the 

 Felidse was referred to by the habit of cleaning their fur by 

 a downward rubbing movement of their paws, and other 

 forces acting in a similar direction. The direction of the 

 hair on the snout of a dog or any member of the Canidae is 

 from tip to base of snout, and from the form of its pointed 

 muzzle it reacts in the opposite way to that of the cat to the 

 forces mentioned. 



Carnivores, as a rule, are simpler in their hair-arrange- 

 ment than Ungulates, the former showing more frequently 

 reversed areas of hair, such as on the lower surface of the 

 forearm, but much fewer whorls, featherings and crests. 



Ungulates present more interesting points than any other 

 animals, their coats being mainly short, and the habits of 

 their lives more complex from the present point of view. 

 Among these, Cervidce show few peculiarities beyond a nasal 

 whorl and occasionally reversed areas of hair. Antelopes 

 show frequently a pectoral whorl, feathering and crest, and 

 reversed areas of hair. Gazelles, very few of any kind of 

 peculiarities. Sheep, about as many as antelopes. Giraffes, 

 among which the Okapi may be mentioned, have few modifi- 

 cations, chiefly a frontal whorl, feathering and crest. 



Equidce, such as zebra, quagga and the domestic horse, 

 among them, show many divergencies, but these are far more 

 numerous in the horse than any other animal except man. 

 Horses present ten separate peculiarities of hair-arrangement, 

 of which seven are constant and three occasional. It is 



