1870.] 



Deep-sea Researches. 



161 



fere with the existence and growth of marine animals. An easterly wind 

 having sprung up, we hove-to off Cape Spartel, between thirty and 

 forty miles from Gibraltar. 



26. Aug. 5th. Steamed into Tangier Bay, after ineffectually trying to 

 dredge in 1 90 fathoms (Station 37) off Cape Spartel. The bottom in this 

 part of the Straits is everywhere rocky ; and there is reason for believing that 

 it must be swept by the undercurrent in the middle, and by the tide at the 

 sides. Sargasso or Gulf-weed was found floating off the Cape. In Tan- 

 gier Bay we dredged twice at a depth of about 35 fathoms. Fauna prin- 

 cipally British, with a few more southern forms : the last include, among 

 the Mollusca, Pythina ? Macandrece, Cyclostrema sphcero'ideum (Coralline 

 Crag), Rissoa sculpta and B. substriata (Calabrian and Sicilian fossils), 

 Adeorbis supranitidus (Coralline Crag); and among the Polyzoa, Cupularia 

 Canariensis, which inhabits Madeira and the Canaries, and occurs in the Co- 

 ralline Crag as well as other tertiaries of the same age. Sphenotrochus inter- 

 medins (a Coralline Crag Coral) was the only other acquisition worth notice. 



27. On the following day (6th August) we arrived at Gibraltar. Mr. 

 Jeffreys was there succeeded by Dr. Carpenter ; and the former went on 

 to Sicily via Malta, for the purpose of examining the newer tertiary forma- 

 tion in the south of Italy, and the collections of fossil shells at Catania, 

 Messina, Palermo, and Naples, in connexion with the results of his cruise. 



28. The quantity and variety of Zoological materials is so great that we 

 have distributed it as follows : — Crustacea, Rev. A. M. Norman and Mr. 

 George S. Brady; 'Polyzoa, Mr. Busk ;. Annelida, Dr. M'Intosh ; Corals 

 or Stony Anthozoa, Professor Duncan ; Horny or Flexible Anthozoa, Mr. 

 Kent ; Hydrozoa, Dr. Allman ; Echinodermata and Sponges, Professor 

 Wyville Thomson. The Mollusca will be worked out by Mr. Jeffreys ; 

 and the Pentacrinus, Ammodiscus, and Foraminifera by Dr. Carpenter, who 

 also undertakes to discuss the Physical results. 



29. Throughout the whole of this Cruise the Temperature of the Sea-, 

 bottom was taken by the protected Miller- Casella Thermometers in nearly 

 every Sounding, with the results tabulated in p. 220. As, for the reason 

 already mentioned (§ 9), no extreme depths were sounded, and as the 

 general rate of the diminution of temperature on the margin of the North- 

 Atlantic basin seemed to have been established by the Serial Soundings 

 taken in the Expedition of the preceding year, it was not thought necessary 

 to repeat these ; more especially as the variety of depths at which the 

 Ito^om-temperatures were ascertained gave adequate data for comparison 

 with the results then correlated. It will be shown hereafter (§ 79) that this 

 comparison leads to some very interesting conclusions, fully confirming the 

 view advanced in the last Report (§ 119) as to the slow northward move- 

 ment of an upper stratum of warm water 700 or 800 fathoms in depth, 

 and of the southward movement of the whole deeper stratum, bringing 

 water of an almost icy coldness frorr the Arctic basin into the Temperate 

 and even the Intertropical Zone. 



VOL. XIX. P 



