xi 



comparatively neglected since the days of Malpighi, Swammerdam, and 

 Leeuwenhoek. Others again treated of various physiological or anato- 

 mical subjects. In the first of these essays, by Krauss, in 1824, "De 

 cerebri lsesi ad motum voluntarium relatione, certaque vertiginis directione 

 ex certis cerebri regionibus Isesis pendente," by the introduction of his 

 theory of vertigo, he confirmed and extended the discoveries of Flourens and 

 Magendie respecting the activity of the cerebrum and cerebellum. In 

 another, by Wendt, in 1833, he announced the important discovery of the 

 sudorific glands and their excretory ducts in the human skin. In another 

 work of this description, ' De penitiori ossium structura observationes ' 



(1834) , by Deutsch, also in * De penitiori dentium humanorum struc- 

 tura ' (1835), and in ' Meletemata circa mammalium dentium evolutionem ' 



(1835) , by Raschkow, new discoveries made by Purkinje are announced. 

 These were followed by ' De penitiori cartilaginum structura symbolse * 



(1836) , by Meckauer, * De arteriarum et venarum structura' (1836), by 

 Rauschel, ' De genitalium evolutione in embryone feminino observata ' 



(1837) , and ' De musculari cordis structura ' (1839). In the essay entitled 

 " De formatione granulosa in nervis, aliisque partibus organismi animalis " 

 (1839), Purkinje, in oppsition to the views of Remak and others, main- 

 tained that the "formatio granulosa" or elongated corpuscles resembling 

 cell-nuclei, which are found attached to the sympathetic nerves, are not 

 peculiar to this system, and that they consist of a newer material resembling 

 protoplasm, out of which the more matured portions derive their growth. 

 In the essay ' De velamentis medullse spinalis/ he made known the dis- 

 covery of a peculiar nervous plexus distributed on the pia mater of the spinal 

 cord, which can be easily exhibited by maceration in acetic acid. An ac- 

 count of these observations and of the existence of nerves in other mem- 

 branous parts was given in a memoir (in Polish) published in the Year-book 

 of the Medical Faculty of Cracow, and reproduced in German, with additions, 

 in Midler's ' Archiv ' for 1845. Two other dissertations appeared, the titles 

 of which were, 'De structura uteri non gravidi' (1840), and 'De numero 

 atque mensura microscopica fibrarum-elementarium systematis cerebrospi- 

 nalis symbolse' (1845). 



Purkinje having at length succeeded in convincing the Government of 

 the necessity of establishing an independent institution for teaching physio- 

 logy, a house was built in 1842 for the purpose of carrying on physio- 

 logical researches, and a suitable grant made for defraying the stipends of 

 assistants and other expenses. This example has since been followed in all 

 the German and Austrian universities. 



Purkinje was the author of a paper " On the World of Dreams," in 

 'Hesperus' (1821), "On the Physiological Import of Vertigo" in Rust's 

 Magazin (1827), "On Tartini's Tones," in the Bulletin of the Natural 

 History Section of the ' Schlesisch-patriotischen Gesellschaft' for 1825, and 

 ' An Auscultation Experiment,' in which, by means of an instrument of 

 his invention, the points of rest and motion of a vibrating plate can be de- 



