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that is to be done. Also feel for all other defects, 

 such as long molars and decayed teeth. 



After you have examined the left molars, 

 then inspect the right molars. In doing this, place 

 your left hand on the nasal bone a little above his 

 nostrils, and pass your right hand in the mouth, 

 the same as you have done when inspecting the 

 right superior and inferior arcades, or in other 

 words, the upper and lower jaw teeth. While you 

 are inspecting the upper and lower jaw teeth al- 

 ways remember to keep his tongue between op- 

 posite molars that you are inspecting. So as to 

 put the reader still further on his guard, before 

 you pass your hand into the horse's mouth to ex- 

 amine the back molars, I want to advise you to 

 first examine the mouth in this manner, by pass- 

 ing your hand into the interdental space, between 

 the jaw and front teeth, and taking hold of the 

 tongue, draw it out, just a little to one side, raise 

 the head and look back into the mouth for any 

 missing molars above or below. Decayed teeth 

 are found in old horses, the same as are found in 

 the human race. Tf you find that to be the case, 

 be very careful when you pass your hand back 

 into his mouth to inspect the back molars, for the 

 reason that the teeth are not there to assist you 

 in compelling the horse to keep his mouth open 

 when yon press the tongue between the upper and 

 lower molars. If you feel as though you do not 

 care to enter a horse's mouth with your hand by 

 merely having the protection of the tongue, you 

 can go to your blacksmith and tell him to make 

 you a mouth speculum, which you can use to place 

 in the mouth to keep it open while you are ex- 

 amining it. The speculum can be made by tak- 

 ing two pieces of iron six inches long by a half an 

 inch thick, allowing one inch for welding, one 



