Ill — 



decided upon to use the nippers to chip off the 

 teeth with. While the teeth are chipped, very lit- 

 tle at a time is grasped until they reach the filed 

 line. After the teeth are shortened, the face or 

 front part of the teeth is scraped with a curette 

 until the tartar is removed. Emery paper is used 

 to whiten the incisors, to appear as young teeth. 

 This operation is also performed by a revolving 

 emery wheel being attached to a flexible shaft of 

 a dental foot engine such as is used by the dentist 

 while operating upon the human being. By op- 

 erating upon the teeth in that manner the grooves 

 can also be made as well as the tartar, or yellow 

 color, can be removed. The typical bluish white 

 color of young enamel teeth can not, however, be 

 imitated, and, besides, the yellow color will re- 

 turn after they are polished. 



Bishoping or Renewal of the Cups. 



Bishoping is one of the most important arti- 

 ficial attempts to make the aged horses appear 

 younger ; and if the operation is performed with 

 great skill upon horses that are not too far ad- 

 vanced in age, even the expert cannot tell the 

 difference. The cupping is performed on the 

 lower front incisors, into which are cut large 

 cups in the end or corner teeth, and smaller ones 

 in the teeth next to the corner teeth, or otherwise 

 called lateral teeth, and mere dots in the middle 

 or central teeth, and then they are stained with 

 silver nitrate. The cupping is performed with a 

 very small engraver's chisel, revolving hand drill, 

 or by a dental engine that is worked by foot. As 

 the operation is performed upon the teeth, a 

 dental halter is placed on the animal's head and 

 then put in a single stall. The ropes that are at- 

 tached on either side of the dental halter are tied 



