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age of 12 years these operations upon his teeth 

 can very easily be noticed by the destroyed con- 

 tact of the front incisors or the angle of inclina- 

 tion, which cannot be altered and artificially 

 changed. The enamel that is missing around the 

 cup and the shape of the teeth will also lead you 

 to detect the attempt or act to make old horses 

 appear as young ones. 



Ladies' Horsemanship. 



The saddle the ladies use is on the same prin- 

 ciple as that of the gentlemen, except that the 

 bits and reins of the bridle are lighter and more 

 ornamental, the reins narrower and the saddle 

 furnished with clutches for the purpose of riding 

 on the side. The saddle should always be care- 

 fully fitted to the horse, and at all times have a 

 third clutch. An extra leather girth is used, 

 which keeps the flaps on the saddle in place. The 

 stirrup can be like a man's, with leather or velvet 

 lining, or it can have a slipper, which is easier 

 and safer to the foot. The lady's whip is light for 

 the reason that a horse in her hands ought very 

 seldom require punishment, and is more or less 

 carried to threaten the animal than anything 

 else. Ladies sometimes use the spur, which is to 

 act as a kind of a stimulus at the proper moment. 

 For ornamental purposes a nose martingale is 

 added. A horse that throws up his head is not 

 fit for ladies' use. 



The general impression among men is that 

 any gifted horse which carries itself well is the 

 proper horse for the lady. This, however, is er- 

 roneous. If the selection was left with the ladies 



