Flame Spectra observed at Swedish Bessemer Works. 87 



Phosphorus Spectrum. Bessemer 



spectrum of 



Salet. Lecoq. C. J. L. Langshyttan. 



7 . 559 5605 5590 5581—5608 



a . 525 5263 5255 5264 



£. 511 5106 5110 5103 



x is the brightest, then /3, and lastly 7. 



By this, one can see that a, agrees well with £ 4 in the Bessemer 

 spectrum, and 7 in the phosphorus spectrum are to be found 

 almost at the same place as e x and (3i in the Mn 2 3 spectra, and they 

 may, therefore, form part of the Bessemer spectrum, but it must be 

 remarked that there has not been noticed any greater brightness in 

 these bands e x and y3 x in the Bessemer spectrum, than in the Mn 2 3 

 spectrum. The presumption that phosphorus should contribute to 

 the Bessemer spectrum is incompatible with the fact that Bessemer 

 metal generally contains a higher percentage of phosphorus than the 

 pig-iron from which it is made, which circumstance has led metal- 

 lurgists to suppose that all the phosphorus of the pig-iron remains in 

 the final product. Analyses of the iron and slag made during 

 different periods of a "blow " prove, however, that the proportion of 

 phosphorus varies, so that one may be justified in supposing that 

 phosphorus may contribute to the heat of oxidation. 



Analyses made by Kessler give the following proportions of phos- 

 phorus in the metal : — 



Samples taken during " blow." 



Pig-iron. ( ' «, 



I. II. III. IY. V. 



Phosphorus.. 0-100 0-106 0096 0-097 0-109 per cent. 



and Kupelwieser gives analyses of slags where — 



I. Forge-slag ; 



II. Slag at the beginning of the " boil " ; 



III. Slag at the end of the " boil " ; and 



IV. Slag at the end of the "blow," give the following per cent, of 

 phosphorus : — 



I. II. III. IY. 



0-01 0-03 0-02 0-01 



Kupelwieser has also calculated the absolute quantities of the 

 elements of a charge, and has found phosphorus, 1'47 kgr., in the 

 pig-iron, and 1*34 kgr., in the final product, of which there conse- 

 quently remains 013 kgr., which has partly passed into the slag and 

 partly through the mouth of the converter. 



That under such circumstances the trace of phosphorus required 

 to give the spectrum of this element volatilises, even under conditions 



