92 



Mr. G. J. Liindstrom. 



the " boil," ensues. It is possible that at the transition between 

 these periods, the temperature may be higher than at any other time 

 during the " boil," and part of the silicon may be vaporised and thus 

 give this spectrum. 



It would be reasonable to suppose that this spectrum should be 

 chiefly owing to carbon or one of its compounds, but I have found 

 no agreement between this spectrum and those attributed to carbon. 

 The origin of the other bands and lines of the spectrum of the blue 

 flame I have not been able to find out. Sodium shows a certain 

 agreement with the Na-lines (according to Thalen*), 5687 — 5681, 

 5155—5153, and 4983, corresponding to 5678, 5160, and 4986, but 

 against this presumption there stands the fact that Nap 6160 — 6154 

 does not occur. 



Though agreement as to position with some of the lines of other 

 elements may be found, yet one cannot, upon the whole, determine 

 the origin of this spectrum. 



III. 



The Ulfshytte Spectrum. (Fig. 1, spectrum III.) 



Having ascertained that in all probability silicon forms part of the 

 spectrum of the blue flame, and on being informed that at Ulfshyttan 

 the pig-iron used contains much silicon and little manganese, I 

 thought it would be interesting to examine the Bessemer flame by 

 means of the spectroscope. 



According to the information given me by engineer Carl Carlsson 

 concerning the Bessemer process at Ulfshyttan, I am able to com- 

 municate the following facts concerning the composition of the 

 metal : — 



Carbon, Silicon, 

 per cent, per cent. 



1. The pig-iron from the blast-furnace contains 4*0 2*0 



2. The metal in the converter at the beginning 



of the blue flame 4'20 07 



3. The finished Bessemer-iron 0*05 traces of 



0-02 



The percentage of manganese in the pig-iron is 0*10 per cent. 

 — 0'15 per cent., and in some degree this diminishes during the 

 " blow," but it can hardly be oxidised even by iron fully " blown," 

 more than to about 0*05 per cent. Of sulphur both the pig-iron and 

 the final product contain 0*02 per cent, or less, and of phosphorus 

 respectively 0*06 per cent, and 0'03 per cent. The blue flame 



* " Memoire sur la determination des longueurs d'onde des raies metalliques." 

 ' Nova Acta Regiae Societ. Scient. Upsaliensis,' 1868. 



