lix 



Mr. Darwin's work, as, for instance, in ' Man's Place in Nature,' lie 

 strove to make it clear that the same measure must be meted to 

 man as to any other living organism; man was to be studied by the 

 same methods as were animals. His published ethnological papers, 

 begnnnino; with a " Letter on the Human Remains found in Shell 

 Mounds," in the 1 Ethnol. Soc. Trans.' for 1863, are not numerous, 

 nor can they be taken as a measure of his influence on this branch of 

 study. In many ways he made himself felt, not the least by the 

 severity with which, on the one hand, he repressed the pretensions of 

 shallow persons who, taking advantage of the glamour of the 

 Darwinian doctrine, talked nonsense in the name of anthropological 

 science, and, on the other hand, exposed those who, in the structure 

 of the brain or of other parts, saw an impassable gulf between man 

 and the monkey. The episode of the " hippocampus " stirred for a 

 while not only science but the general public. He used his influence, 

 already year by year growing more and more powerful, to keep the 

 study of the natural history of man within its proper lines, and chiefly 

 with this end in view held the Presidential Chair of the Ethnological 

 Society in 1869-70. It was mainly through his influence that this 

 older Ethnological Society was, a year later, in 1871, amalgamated 

 with a newer rival society, the Anthropological, under the title of 

 " The Anthropological Institute." He had previously, in 1866-67, 

 taken ethnology as the subject of the lectures which during two 

 years he gave, holding for the second time the post of Fullerian 

 Professor at the Royal Institution. 



The year 1870 may be taken as marking a turning point in Hux- 

 ley's career. Up to that time, though having more public demands 

 made upon him than upon most men of science of the same age and 

 standing — though engaged in regular lectures, both at the School of 

 Mines and at the Royal College of Surgeons, at which, in succession 

 to Owen, he was Hunterian Prof essor from 1863 to 1870, he was able 

 to devote the greater part of his days to scientific inquiry. But 

 about this time the change came. Though after this he did valuable 

 scientific work, his time became more and more taken up by the 

 accomplishment of duties thrust upon or taken up by him, some 

 scientific, others not, and the hours which he could devote to quiet 

 inquiry became fewer and yet more few. 



In 1870 he filled the Presidential Chair of the British Association 

 at the meeting at Liverpool, having been President of the Section D 

 (Biology) at Cambridge in 1862, and again at Nottingham in 1866. 



In October, 1872, part of, and later on the rest of, the Metropolitan 

 School of Science (which in 1863 had become the Royal School of 

 Mines), hitherto established in Jermyn Street,'in conjunction with the 

 Museum of Geology belonging to the Geological Survey, was moved 

 to new buildings at South Kensington. The reorganisation and the 



