Vascular and Visceral Factors for the Genesis of Emotion. 399 



depressor nerve and the left sympathetic trunk were severed at the 

 same time. Subsequent examination at the autopsy proved that 

 both nerves had been completely cut. An additional guarantee 

 was given by the absolute absence of all effect on stimulating the 

 distal end of each of the four trunks before proceeding to the autopsy 

 — that is, twenty-one days after the second vagotomy, when complete 

 nerve degeneration had been allowed time to occur. 



In this animal, the superior laryngeal was the lowest branch of the 

 vagus remaining intact and connected with the brain. The recurrent 

 laryngeals proceeded from the vagus trunks, below the level of the 

 sections. The results of the operation were dyspnoea tending to occur 

 in short-lasting attacks, but often passing off entirely ; some loss of 

 appetite, which was in the course of seven days recovered from ; con- 

 siderable enfeeblement of, and alteration of, the growl and bark, both 

 these however still remaining, although modified. The attacks of 

 dyspnoea diminished, and in the course of ten days disturbed the 

 animal rarely and but little. We began to think they might be 

 avoided altogether. The animal seemed quickly to learn what 

 postures were least hampering to respiratory movement, and this had 

 as result a marked improvement in breathing and general condition. 



In this animal the capacity of the nervous system differed from that 

 obtaining in those subjected solely to the spinal transection, in that 

 to the body regions and organs already cut off from the brain and 

 rendered anaesthetic and put beyond power of contributing to con- 

 scious reaction, there were added in this case the stomach and lower 

 half (1) of oesophagus, the lungs and lower half (?) of the trachea, and 

 finally the heart itself. (Compare diagrams, fig. 2.) 



Of any diminution or change in the emotional character of the 

 animal we could detect no trace. The following illustrates her condi- 

 tion in that regard. 



The approach of the visitor whose advent months previously elicited 

 such violent anger, again provoked an exhibition of wrath as significant 

 as before. The expression was indubitably that of aggressive rage^ 

 The animal propped itself against its kennel, and followed each 

 movement of the stranger as though of an opponent, growling viciously , 

 and barking in spite of increasing dyspnoea under the excitements 

 On other occasions a cat with which she was never friendly, and 

 a monkey new to the laboratory, approaching too near the kennel,, 

 excited similar ebullitions. No doubt was left in our minds that 

 sudden attacks of violent anger were still easily excited in this 

 animal. She also gave evidence daily that she experienced the acces- 

 sion of joyous pleasure and delight she had always shown at the 

 approach of the attendant the first thing of a morning, or at feeding 

 time, or when caressed by him, or encouraged by his voice. 



I had carefully refrained from testing this animal previously with 



