Vascular and Visceral Factors for the Genesis of Emotion. 401 



was always already cut into pieces of a size rather larger than the 

 lumps of sugar usual for the breakfast table. It was generally 

 horse-flesh, sometimes ox-flesh. On the tenth day after the final 

 operation the bowl was placed by the attendant, as usual, in the 

 corner of the stall, with milk and meat in it in every way as usual ; 

 but the meat was flesh from a large dog killed in the laboratory on 

 the previous day. Our animal eagerly drew itself toward the food ; 

 it had seen the other dogs fed and evidently itself was hungry. Its 

 muzzle had almost dipped into the milk before it suddenly seemed 

 to find something amiss there. It hesitated, moved its muzzle about 

 above the milk, made a venture to take a piece of the meat, but before 

 actually seizing it stopped short and withdrew again from it. Finally, 

 after some further examination of the contents of the bowl (it was usual 

 for it to begin the attack of its food by taking out and eating the pieces 

 of meat), without touching them, the creature turned away from the 

 bowl and withdrew itself to the opposite side of the cage. Some 

 minutes later, in result it seemed of encouragement from us to try 

 the food again, it returned to the bowl. The same hesitant display of 

 conflicting desire and dislike was once more gone through. The bowl 

 was then removed by the attendant, emptied, washed, and horse-flesh 

 similarly prepared and placed in a fresh quantity of milk was offered 

 in it to the animal. The animal once more drew itself toward the 

 bowl and this time began to eat the meat, soon emptying the 

 dish This test was similarly applied afterwards on various occa- 

 sions ; always with the above result, except that twice the animal did, 

 after much hesitancy, lap some of the milk out of the bowl, although 

 dog's-flesh was immersed in it. We have occasionally seen a normal 

 dog do likewise when hungry. To press the flesh upon our animal 

 was of no real avail on any occasion ; the coaxing only succeeded in 

 getting her to, as it were, re-examine but not to touch the morsels. 

 The impression made on all of us by the dog's behaviour has been that 

 there existed in the dog's-flesh something which was repulsive to 

 the animal and excited in it disgust unconquerable by ordinary 

 hunger. Some odour attaching to the flesh seemed the mark for its 

 recognition. 



Fear seemed to be clearly elicitable in this animal. While I held 

 her in my arms the attendant, approaching from another room the door 

 from which was open, chid the dog in high scolding tones. The 

 creature's head sank, her gaze turned away from her advancing 

 master, and her face seemed to betray dejection and anxiety. The 

 respiration altered and became unquiet, but the pulse was never altered 

 in rate although perhaps slightly in volume. 



Twenty days after the last vagotomy the animal suddenly de- 

 veloped a serious attack of dyspnoea ; this was recovered from, but in 

 the course of the following day a similar attack occurred. Fearing 



