No. 555] SPECIES-FORMING OF ECTO-PARASITES 139 



seventy-eight species, from which are recorded about 150 

 Mallophagan species representing six genera, two of 

 which, Goniodes and Goniocotes, are the most abundantly 

 represented and occur much more commonly on birds of 

 this order than those of any other unless it be the Tinami- 

 formes, just spoken of. The other Mallophagan spe- 

 cies recorded from the Galliformes belong to the large 

 genera Lipeurus, Colpocephalum and Menopon which in- 

 clude species from most bird orders. The Mallophagan 

 genus Docophorus, the second largest of all in the matter 

 of number of species, and abundantly represented on al- 

 most all other bird groups, is totally unrepresented on 

 the Galliformes. The Gallinaceous birds are, as a rule, 

 strongly parasitized both as regards number of Mallo- 

 phagan species and number of individuals. One of the 

 brush-turkeys, Megapodius, has ten parasitic species, the 

 painted Chinese pheasant has nine, and the Texan quail, 

 eight. The domestic fowl has twelve Mallophagan spe- 

 cies and its reputed ancestor, the wild Indian jungle fowl, 

 Gallus bcmkiva, four, all of which occur on its domesti- 

 cated descendant. The Mallophagan species Lipeurus 

 variabilis is common to nine different hosts of the family 

 Phasianidrc. 



The small order of so-called pigeon grouse, the Ptero- 

 clidiformes, has two species in the host list, each parasi- 

 tized by the single Mallophagan species, Nirmus alchatce, 

 not found on other birds. The two hosts species have 

 overlapping geographic ranges. 



The Columbiformes, or doves and pigeons, are repre- 

 sented in the host list by 40 species. The Mallophagan 

 genera Goniodes and Goniocotes, so common also on the 

 pheasants and tinamous, are very well represented 

 among the pigeon parasites. The single Mallophagan 

 species Lipeurus baculus is recorded from nineteen of 

 the forty pigeon host species, whose geographic distri- 

 bution includes Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, 

 Malaysia, Australia, Madagascar and the Galapagos 

 Islands. The European- Asiatic rock dove, Columba 



