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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XLVII 



this order range the great oceans in overlapping zones 

 and reaches. 



The order Alciformes, including 29 known living spe- 

 cies of auks, murres and puffins, is represented in the 

 host list by sixteen species which are parasitized by six- 

 teen Mallophagan species belonging to but two genera, 

 Docophorus and Nirmus, with the exception of one spe- 

 cies of Menopon. These two genera are, however, not 

 at all limited to the Alciformes, but are two of the largest 

 and most widely distributed of the Mallophagan genera. 

 Nirmus citrinus occurs on four Alciform hosts, and Nir- 

 mus maritimus, Docophorus celedoxus and Docophorus 

 montereyi on three each. Nirmus pacificus and Doco- 

 phorus atricolor occur on two each. 



The homogeneous order Lariformes, or gulls and 

 terns, including 122 known living species, is represented 

 by fifty species in the host list, of which two dozen belong 

 to the gull genus Larus, and one dozen to the tern genus 

 Sterna. Gulls and terns are strongly parasitized. Thir- 

 teen species of Mallophaga, representing four genera, 

 have been recorded from Sterna fuliginosa, and ten spe- 

 cies from the tropical noddy, Anous stolidus. The gull 

 and tern parasites are mostly of the genus Docophorus 

 and Nirmus with some Menopon and Colpocephalum and 

 a few Lipeuri. Docophorus lari occurs on nineteen spe- 

 cies of Larus, and Nirmus bilineolatus on eleven. Doco- 

 phorus melanocephalus occurs on four species of Sterna. 

 Many of the members of this bird order range widely, 

 but some are limited to new world or old world shores. 



The large order of waders and shore-birds, the Chara- 

 driiformes, is represented in the host-list by sixty-three 

 species. The Mallophagan genus Nirmus is especially 

 commonly met with on these birds, and has many species 

 characteristic of them. From the cosmopolitan sander- 

 ling, Arenaria interpres, with its individuals from old 

 and new world meeting in high latitude breeding 

 grounds, fourteen Mallophagan species have been re- 

 corded, of which six are Nirmi. Ten Mallophagan kinds 



