No.541] EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL JN HTDATINA 53 



which is based on over five thousand reports of cases of 

 insanity, that : "Inherited tendency to insanity, due to the 

 use of liquor by parents, is reported in one hundred and 

 twenty-two cases . . . while six cases were ascribed to 

 the intemperance of the grandparents. These statistics 

 must be received with caution as showing possibilities 

 rather than as definite evidence. To prove that the 

 insanity of one generation is due to alcoholic excess of a 

 previous generation, and is not merely a coincidence, 

 requires that other causes of degeneration shall be care- 

 fully studied, and duly allowed for." 



It is, however, evident from the six cases reported that 

 some, at least, of the medical examiners believe in the 

 transmission of alcoholic weaknesses* from grandparents 

 to grandchildren. 



Bunge, from an investigation extending over two thou- 

 sand families, found that chronic alcoholic poisoning in 

 the father was the chief cause of the daughter's inability 

 to suckle and that this inability was not usually recovered 

 from in subsequent generations. These results have been 

 severely criticized by Bluhm and their validity ques- 

 tioned. 



Mariet and Cambemale gave considerable quantities of 

 alcohol to a female dog during the last week of her preg- 

 nancy. She gave birth to a litter of seven puppies, of 

 which four were dead, two apparently healthy but men 

 tally backward, and one, No. 7, both physically and men 

 tally backward. No. 7 was a female and grew to maturity 

 free from the influence of alcohol and mated with an 

 apparently healthy dog. All of the puppies of her first 

 litter were abnormal to such a degree that they were con 

 sidered worthless. One had club feet and a clefted 

 palate, another had a conspicuous ductus Botalli, and 

 another developed muscular atrophy in its hind legs. 



If these observations and interpretations are correct 

 they may demonstrate either the same Pact that is shown 

 in Water Generation I of Table IV, namely, that when a 

 mother is subjected to the influence of alcohol during her 



