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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XLVI 



elusion that the differences in amount of pigmentation were not 

 due to differences in temperature, food or rate of development 

 but solely or in much the greater part to the absence or presence 

 of light. 



The difference in pigmentation between Series A on the one 

 hand and Series B and C on the other is fully as great as the 

 difference in pigmentation between certain species that live 

 habit u;illy in caves and others which do not. To this point the 

 case looks most significant. With the approach of transforma- 

 tion, however, the amount of pigment rapidly increases, par- 

 ticularly on the lighter regions of the larvae, and this increase 

 is more pronounced with those reared in darkness than with the 

 others. Nevertheless there still remains a marked difference in 

 pigmentation between the transformed individuals of Series A 

 reared under cave conditions and Series B reared in the light. 



Color records of a few recently transformed salamanders 

 were taken before the spots so characteristic of the adult were 

 definitely formed. An attempt was made to get careful records 

 of the general blended color effect independent of the mottling 

 which is quite pronounced at this stage, during which the pig- 

 ment is being segregated to form the definite color pattern of 

 the adult. The average body color of the transformed sala- 

 manders of Series A was 70.2 per cent, black and 29.8 per cent, 

 non-black, and the average head color 68.2 black and 31.8 non- 

 black. These averages for Series B are : Body color, 89.7 black 

 and 10.3 non-black; head color, 87.7 black and 12.3 non-black. 

 No transformed individuals of Series C were obtained. Unfor- 

 tunately records of transformed individuals of Series A and B 

 were made of only 2 and 5 individuals, so these are scarcely more 

 than sample records, but they are probably fairly representative 

 of their respective series, and they clearly indicate that after, 

 as well as previous t<>. trai^t'ormation a distinct difference in 

 pigmentation persists between the salamanders reared and al- 

 lowed to transform in the cave and those developing and trans- 

 forming in the light. A. M. Banta 



Fischel, A. '96. Ueber Beeinflusaung und Entwiekelung des Pigments. 



Archiv f. mikr. Anat. u. Entw., Bd. 47, pp. 719-734. 

 Flemming, W. '97. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichts auf die Pigmentierung 



der Salamanderlarve. Archiv f. mikr. Anat. u. Entw., Bd. 48, pp. 369- 



374, also pp. 690-692. 

 Klineksieck, P., et Valette, T. '08. Code des Couleurs. Paris. 46 pp. 



