274 OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 



congregate, or in society. So as Human Philosophy is 

 either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. 

 Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof 

 man consisteth ; that is, of knowledges which respect the 

 Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind. But 

 before we distribute so far, it is good to constitute. For 

 I do take the consideration in general and at large of 

 Human Nature to be fit to be emancipate and made a 

 knowledge by itself; not so much in regard of those 

 delightful and elegant discourses which have been made of 

 the dignity of man, of his miseries, of his state and life, 

 and the like adjuncts of his common and undivided nature ; 

 but chiefly in regard of the knowledge concerning the 

 sympathies and concordances between the mind and body, 

 which, being mixed, cannot be properly assigned to the 

 sciences of either. 



This knowledge hath two branches : for as all leagues 

 and amities consist of mutual Intelligence and mutual 

 Offices, so this league of mind and body hath these two 

 parts ; how the one discloseth the other, and how the one 

 worketh upon the other ; Discovery, and Impression. 

 The former of these hath begotten two arts, both of 

 Prediction or Prenotion ; whereof the one is honoured 

 with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. 

 And although they have of later time been used to be 

 coupled with superstitious and fantastical arts, yet being 

 purged and restored to their true state, they have both of 

 them a solid ground in nature, and a profitable use in life. 

 The first is Physiognomy, which discovereth the disposition 

 of the mind by the lineaments of the body. The second 

 is the Exposition of Natural Dreams, which discovereth 

 the state of the body by the imaginations of the mind. In 

 the former of these I note a deficience. For Aristotle 

 hath very ingeniously and diligently handled the factures 

 of the body, but not the gestures of the body, which are 

 no less comprehensible by art, and of greater use and 

 advantage. For the Lineaments of the body do disclose 

 the disposition and inclination of the mind in general ; but 

 the Motions of the countenance and parts do not only so, 



