ESS A ys CIVIL AND MORAL. 55 



dernned men, to be the people with \vhom you plant; and not only 

 so, but it spoileth the plantation ; for they will ever live like rogues, 

 and not fall to work, but be lazy, and do mischief, and spend victuals, 

 and be quickly weaiy, and then certify over to their country, to the 

 discredit of the plantation. The people wherewith you plant ought to 

 be gardeners, ploughmen, labourers, smiths, carpenters, joiners, fisher 

 men, fowlers, with some few apothecaries, surgeons, cooks, and bakers. 

 In a country of plantation, first look about what kind of victual the 

 country yields of itself to hand ; as chestnuts, walnuts, pine-apples, 

 olives, dates, plums, cherries, wild honey, and the like, and make use 

 of them. Then consider what victual or esculent things there are, 

 which grow speedily and within the year; as parsnips, carrots, turnips, 

 onions, radishes, artichokes of Jerusalem, maize, and the like. For 

 wheat, bailey, and oats, they ask too much labour: but with peas and 

 beans you may begin ; both because they ask less labour, and because 

 they serve for meat as well as for bread. And of rice likewise cometh 

 a great increase, and it is a kind of meat. Above all there ought to 

 be brought store of biscuit, oatmeal, flour, meal, and the like, in 

 the beginning, till bread may be had. For beasts or birds, take 

 chiefly such as are least subject to diseases, and multiply fastest : as 

 swine , goats, cocks, hens, turkeys, geese, house-doves, and the like. 

 The victual in plantations ought to be expended almost as in a 

 besieged town ; that is, with certain allowance. And let the main 

 part of the ground employed to gardens or corn be to a common 

 stock; and to be laid in, and stored up, and then delivered out in pro 

 portion; besides some spots of ground that any particular person will 

 manure for his own private. Consider likewise what commodities the 

 soil where the plantation is doth naturally yield, that they may some 

 way help to defray the charge of the plantation : so it be not as was 

 said, to the untimely prejudice of the main business ; as it hath fared 

 with tobacco in Virginia. Wood commonly aboundeth but too much : 

 and therefore timber is fit to be one. Jf there be iron ore, and streams 

 whereupon to set the mills ; iron is a brave commodity where wood 

 aboundeth. Making of bay-salt, if the climate be proper for it, would 

 Ixi put in experience. Growing silk likewise, if any be, is a likely com 

 modity. Pitch and tar, where store of firs and pines are, will not fail. 

 So drugs and sweet woods, where they arc, cannot but yield great 

 profit. Soap-ashes, likewise, and other tilings that may be thought of. 

 Hut moil not too much under ground ; for the hope of mines is very 

 uncertain, and uscth to make the planters lazy in other things. For 

 government, let it be in the hands of one assisted with some counsel : 

 and let them have commission to exercise martial laws with some 

 limitation. And above all, let men make that profit of being in the 

 wilderness, as they have God always, and his service, before their eyes. 

 Let not the government of the plantation depend upon too many 

 counsellors and undertakers in the country that planteth, but upon a 

 temperate number ; and let those be rather noblemen and gentlemen, 

 than merchants : for they look ever to the present gain. Let there be 

 freedoms from custom, till the plantation be of strength : and not only 



