CIVIL AND MORAL. 



I like also little heaps, in the nature of mole-hills, such as are in wild 

 heaths, to be set, some with wild thyme, some with pinks, some with 

 germander, that gives a good flower to the eye, some with periwinkle, 

 some with violets, some with strawberries, some with cowslips, some 

 with daisies, some with red roses, some with lilium convallium, some 

 with sweet-williams red, some with bears-foot, and the like low flowers, 

 being withal sweet and sightly. Part of which heaps to be with 

 standards of little bushes, pricked upon their top, and part without. 

 The standards to be roses, juniper, holly, berberries, but here and 

 there, because of the smell of their blossom, red currants, gooseberries, 

 rosemary, bays, swcetbricr, and such like. But these standards to be 

 kept with cutting, that they grow not out of course. 



For the side grounds, you arc to fill them with variety of alleys, 

 private, to give a full shade, some of them, wheresoever the sun be. 

 You arc to frame some of them likewise for shelter, that when the wind 

 blows sharp, you may walk as in a gallery. And those alleys must be 

 likewise hedged at both ends, to keep out the wind ; and these closer 

 alleys must be ever finely gravelled, and no grass, because of going 

 wet. In many of these alleys likewise, you are to set fruit trees of all 

 sorts ; as well upon the walls as in ranges. And this would be gene 

 rally observed, that the borders wherein you plant your fruit trees, 

 be fair and large, and low, and not steep ; and set with fine flowers, 

 but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. At the end of 

 both the side grounds, I would have a mount of some pretty height, 

 leaving the wall of the inclosure breast high, to look abroad into the fields. 



For the main garden, I do not deny but there should be some fair 

 alleys, ranged on both sides, with fruit trees, and some pretty tufts of 

 fruit trees, and arbours with seats, set in some decent order ; but these 

 to be by no means set too thick, but to leave the main garden so as it 

 be not close, but the air open and free. For as for shade, I would 

 have you rest upon the alleys of the side grounds, there to walk, if you 

 be disposed, in the heat of the year or day ; but to make account, that 

 the main garden is for the more temperate parts of the year ; and in 

 the heat of summer, for the morning and the evening, or overcast days. 



For aviaries, I like them not, except they be of that largeness, as 

 they may be turfed, and have living plants and bushes set in them ; 

 that the birds may have more scope, and natural nestling, and that no 

 foulness appear in the floor of the aviary. 



So I have made a platform of a princely garden, partly by precept, 

 partly by drawing; not a model, but some general lines of it ; and in 

 this I have spared for no cost. But it is nothing for great princes, 

 that for the most part, taking advice with workmen, with no less cost 

 set their things together ; and sometimes add statues, and such 

 things, for state and magnificence, but nothing to the true pleasure of 

 a garden. 



XLVII. OF NEGOTIATING. 



It is generally better to deal by speech, than by letter ; and by the 

 mediation of a third, than by a man s self. Letters are good, when a 



