370 



Dr. F. C. Penrose. 



" On the Orientation of Greek Temples, being the Eesults of some 

 Observations taken in Greece and Sicily in the month of 

 May, 1898." By F. C. Peneose, M.A., F.E.S., F.E.I.B.A., &c. 

 Eeceived May 5 — Eead June 15, 1899. 



The Cabeiron near Thebes. 



My observations taken in 1892 were confirmed, and consequently 

 the doubt which a correspondent at Athens had thrown upon the 

 orientation of that temple* may be dismissed. 



Girgenti. 



For the orientations of the temples at Girgenti,! I had relied on 

 some observations taken in 1885 by means of the sun's shadow and a 

 plumb line, checked by data, given by various authorities. This year, 

 in the case of three of the temples, I was able to remeasure them by 

 solar observation with a theodolite, and also to obtain correctly the 

 altitude of the eastern horizon, as seen from each of the temples, with 

 the following results, viz. : — 



The orientation angle of the Temple of Juno should be 262° 36' 

 instead of 264°, and the sun's altitude when surmounting the eastern 

 horizon should be 1° 45' instead of 0° 35'. The elements as recomputed 

 are as follows, viz. : — 



Girgenti. Latitude 37° 18' 36". 



Name of 

 temple. 



Orienta- 

 tion 

 angle. 





Stellar 

 elements. 



Solar 

 elements. 



Name 

 of 

 star. 



Temple attri- 

 buted to 

 Juno Luci.n a 



262° 36' 



A, amplitude of star 

 or sun 



B, corresponding alti- 

 tude 



E, depression of suti 

 when star heliacal 



E, E.A 



Gr, approximate date. . 



+ 10° 33' E. 



3° 30' 



+ 10° 15' 

 6 h 14 m 



23° 56' 

 490 B.C. 



+ 7° 24' E. 



1 45 

 6 49 

 11° 30' 



Ap. 6 



v , > 



a Arietis rising. 



This amended date of the temple's foundation falls within the 

 Hellenic occupation of the site, and very nearly at the culminating epoch 



* See ' Phil. Trans,' A, vol. 190, 1897, p. 46. 

 f Same vol., p. 55. 



