On the Orientation of Greek Temples. 



371 



of the city's prosperity. If the sun's depression had been taken at 

 11°, the date would have been about 440 B.C. and if at 12° about 540. 

 The depression at 11° 30' seems to accord best with the practice used 

 in temples of comparatively late foundation.* 



The Temple of Hercules. 



I found that the orientation angle of this temple agreed very closely 

 with that previously given, but that the eastern horizon was higher, 

 namely, 2~ instead of 0°35'; but if the solar depression be changed 

 from U° to 11° 54', the result of the calculation will be the same, and 

 the stellar elements and the date will remain unaltered. 



The Olympieium. 



I found that the orientation angle of the temple of Jupiter should 

 be increased from 257° 35' to 258° 44', whilst the altitude of the 

 eastern horizon has to be increased from 0° 35' to 1° 55'. This will 

 neutralize the effect of the alteration of the amplitude, and the stellar 

 elements and the date (430 B.C.) will remain unaltered. 



I obtained one additional example from an ancient site in Greece, 

 namely, the Temple of Neptune at Calauria in the Isle of Poros ; the 

 scene of the last days of Demosthenes, who had chosen it for his 

 place of exile on account of its commanding a view of his much loved 

 Athens from the lofty ridge on which the temple was built. The 

 elements of the orientation are as below. 



Calauria. Latitude 37° 31' 30". 



Name of 

 temple. 



Orienta- 

 tion 

 angle. 





Stellar 

 elements. 



Solar 

 elements. 



Name 

 of 



star. 



Temple of 

 Neptune 



247= 5' 



A, amplitude of star 

 or sun 



B, corresponding alti- 

 tude 



E, depression of sun 

 when star heliacal 



Gr, approximate date. . 



+ 26° 10' E 



+ 3° 0' 



+ 22° 24' 

 6 h 57 m 



7 h 23 m 

 960 B.C. 



+ 24°53'E. 

 



+ 19° 30' 

 8 h l m 

 10° 



8 h 27 ra 

 July 27 



do 



HQ 



a 

 o 



s 



J 



In the list of temples given in the same volume, viz. : Vol. 190, 

 p. 65, were ten examples of comparatively late date, and of most of 



* See p. 65 of rol. cited. 



