On the Orientation of Greek Temples. 373 



Ephesus. Latitude 37° 56' 30". 



Name of 

 temple. 



Orienta- 

 tion 

 angle. 





Stellar 

 elements. 



Solar 

 elements. 



Wame 

 of 



star. 



Temple of 

 Diana as re- 

 built after 

 the fire 



284° 35' 



A, amplitude of star 



or sun 



B, corresponding alti- 



tude 



D, hour angles .... 



E, depression of sun 



when star heliacal 



F, R,A 



Gr, approximate date 



-2° 32' E. 



6° 



i 1 AO' 



+ 1 



5 h 35 m 



ll h 25™ 

 355 B.C. 



-11° O'E. 



4° 55' 



to oe' 

 — OO 



15° 30' 



12 h 51 m 

 Oct. 6 



1 



■oh 



.9 



o 



*Ph 



In this case the orientation follows the star, but with so considerable an increase of 

 amplitude that it would have been available for many centuries as a warning- 

 star. 



which the years of their foundation are at least approximately known 

 historically, and which were shown to be conformable to the general 

 rule, but required a deeper depression of the sun, than was sufficient 

 for the distinct vision of the heliacal star. Of five of these examples 

 I had not given the elements, viz. : — The Theseum, the later Erechtheum, 

 the later Temples of Bacchus and Jupiter at Athens, and the great 

 temple at Ephesus, as rebuilt after the fire. As the cases of some of 

 these are very interesting in an archaeological point of view, I here 

 supply the elements in the same form as before. 



With respect to the temple of Theseus at Athens, it appears to be 

 possible, proceeding from the approximate date given by the orienta- 

 tion work, to arrive at a much closer determination of the probable 

 exact year of the foundation (or perhaps dedication) of the temple, 

 and at the same time to confirm the traditional name of the temple, 

 which has been much disputed. What I have called the traditional 

 view is, that the temple was built under the influence of Cimon, who 

 during his supremacy at Athens, in the year 469 or 468 B.C., brought 

 from the Isle of Scyros the supposed relics of Theseus. The bones of 

 the hero were then interred at Athens with great solemnity, and a 

 temple or heroum was built over the grave and an annual celebration 

 was appointed, under the name Thesea ; which lasted two or three 

 days and commenced on the seventh day of the month named Pyane- 

 psion, a month which on the whole agrees with our October, but (owing 

 to the practice at Athens of commencing the year with the new moon 

 which occurred on or next after the summer solstice), when we com- 

 pare the two calendars, and reckon the days of the month together, 

 we find that they only agree together at intervals of 19 years — the 



