iii 



death, which occurred November 2b\ 1896, followed an accidental 

 fall down some steps. 



There is a list of 82 papers by Dr. Gould, in the ' Catalogue of 

 .Scientific Papers,' published by the Royal Society. 



Dr. Gould was a Foreign Member of the Eoyal Society, a 

 Foreign Member of the Royal Astronomical Society, a Correspond- 

 ing Member of the French Academy of Sciences, and a member of 

 very many other learned societies. In 1883 he received the Gold 

 Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 



E. J. S. 



Edward Ballard, who died on the 19th January, 1897, will be 

 identified always with the Central Public Health Authority of this 

 country, the scientific repute of which his labours have done so 

 much to enhance. As a sanitarian, however, Ballard's own reputa- 

 tion was assured ere he joined, in 1871, the Medical Staff of the 

 Privy Council Office. At that date he had for sixteen years held 

 office as Medical Officer of Health for Islington, exhibiting through- 

 out abilities, investigatory and administrative, which had served to 

 render him conspicuous among the representatives of English sani- 

 tary knowledge and practice. In Ballard, Simon, then Medical 

 Adviser to the Government, was not slow to recognise a man of the 

 type essential for his purpose in building up the future Medical 

 Department of the State. It was Simon's business, no doubt, at 

 that juncture, to discover, as inspectors, men capable of developing 

 into the Ballards, Buchanans, and Netten-Radclift'es of after-days. 

 Nevertheless that he did discover these men, and as well secured 

 their services, must redound ever to his credit in the annals of 

 English sanitary progress. 



Ballard was born in 1820 at Islington, a parish with which 

 throughout his seventy-six years of life he remained closely asso- 

 ciated. Here, at Islington School, he received his early education ; 

 here he was apprenticed, his " master " being parochial surgeon and 

 workhouse medical officer ; here, for many years, he practised as a 

 physician, both before and after appointment as District Medical 

 Officer of Health ; and here also he resided during the whole of his 

 twenty years of Government service. 



At the early age of seventeen, Ballard commenced, as apprentice, 

 his medical career ; at nineteen he entered the Medical School of 

 University College. Here he seems to have at once exhibited an 

 industry in the accumulation of facts and an aptitude for exact obser- 

 vation of altogether exceptional order, qualities of mind which then, 

 as in after life, rendered his work always so entirely trustworthy. 

 His career at University College and at the University of London 

 was a distinguished one. He graduated M.B. in 1SI3, and M.D. in 



